(naMaria Stefania Cataleta) Vana vekuCongo vanoramba vachibhadhara mutengo unodiwa nekuda kwekunetsana kwave kuchideura nyika kwemakore ikozvino. Sezvinozivikanwa, matunhu e Ituri and of North Kivu ivo vari pakati pevakanyanya kukanganiswa nehondo, uko nhamba yepamusoro yevakabatwa inonyorwa.
Kubva paChinyorwa che Munyori Mukuru weUnited Nations (NU) ye10 Gumiguru 2022, ine musoro unoti "Vana uye kurwisana kwezvombo muDemocratic Republic of the Congo", mumwedzi yekupedzisira ye2022 mhirizhonga kune vadiki yakadzikira kana ichienzaniswa nenguva dzakapfuura, mushumo wekare wakataura nezvekutyorwa kwe9957; zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti mhirizhonga yakaguma uye, zvechokwadi, nhamba yevanotambudzwa inoramba ichikwira zvikuru uye nyika inoramba iri pakati pevaya vane nhamba yepamusoro yechisimba chevana chakaitika panguva yehondo.
Pakati paKubvumbi 2020 naKurume 2022, 7616 kutyorwa kwakakomba kwakasimbiswa pamusoro pevana mazana matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nevatatu, zvakaitwa nemapato makumi manomwe nemasere akarwa panguva yekunetsana. Pakati pekutyorwa kwakawanikwa zvinosanganisira kupinza vanhu basa, kupamba, kuponda uye kushungurudzwa kwevanhukadzi. Uku ndiko kutyora kwakanyanya uye kwakapupurirwa kwakaitwa kune vadiki mu Repubblica Zimbabwe del Congo (DRC). Zvakangodaro, zvinotendwa zvine musoro kuti huwandu hwacho hwakakwira zvakanyanya uye kuti data iri rakakanganiswa nematambudziko amuka nekuda kweCCIDID-19 denda uye denda reEbola kuNorth Kivu, kunobva zvirambidzo zvakawanda pakufamba. Kune izvi zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti ruzivo rwakawanda rwakagamuchirwa harugone kusimbiswa nekuda kwematambudziko ane chekuita nechengetedzo, mabasa emapoka ane zvombo, mamiriro ekukomba anokanganisa matunhu eIturi neNord-Kivu, pamwe nemauto. mashandiro eArmed Forces of the DRC (FARDC), zvinhu zvese zvakatadzisa kupinda munzvimbo dzakatyorwa.
Chikumbiro chakaitwa kumapoka ane zvombo uye zviremera zveCongo ne Mumiriri akakosha weMunyori Mukuru weUN, Virginia Gambakuitira kuti kutyora kusingagoneki uku kumire uye vane mhosva vatongwe. THE main responsible mauto ane zvombo, asi hurumende nemauto edziviriro vanobatanidzwa zvakaenzana muzviitiko zvakawanda zvemhirizhonga yepabonde, zvisinei neChirongwa Chekuita chakasainwa neUN muna 2012. Chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekudzivirira vanhuwo zvavo kubva mukurwiswa nepfuti uye kutora matanho ese anodiwa ekudzivirira vana vadiki, kufambisa kubviswa kwavo mauto neruremekedzo kumapoka ane zvombo uye kufarira kubatanidzwa kwavo munharaunda nekuda kwezvirongwa.
L 'Chirevo chechisere cheMunyori Mukuru, mukushandiswa kwechisarudzo 1612 (2005) uye zvimwe zvisungo zveSecurity Council, inopa mufananidzo wemamiriro ezvinhu emhirizhonga kune vana veCongo munguva pakati pe1 Kubvumbi 2020 uye 31 March 2022. Maererano neReport, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu. kukomba, kwakarairwa neMutungamiri Tshisekedi muna Chivabvu 3, 2021, zviitiko zvevarwi zvakawedzera muIturi neNorth Kivu, ari matunhu akatemerwa mamiriro ekukomba nekuda kwekuvapo kukuru kwemapoka ane zvombo.
President vakazivisawo kuti chirongwa chekubvisa zvombo, demobilization, kudzoreredza nharaunda, uye kudzikamiswa kwevanhu. Uyezve, kubvira kutanga kwa2022, kuenderera mberi kwekunetsana pakati pemapoka ane zvombo uye dambudziko revanhu rinokonzeresa. zvakaguma nemamiriyoni 6,2 evanhu vakadzingwa, inova nhamba yepamusoro-soro muAfrica yose.
Il North Kivu ipurovhinzi ine nhamba yepamusoro-soro yezviitiko zvechisimba (4014 pamwe chete), inopindirana nenhamba yepamusoro yemapoka ane zvombo aripo ikoko, izvo zvaita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, kunyanya vana, ave akaoma. Vekupedzisira ndivo vavariro yekurwiswa kweropa nemauto akadai seDemocratic Allied Forces kana iyo March 23 Movement. Zvese izvi zvakamutsa kuunganidzwa kwakakurumbira mukufarira mapoka emunharaunda Never-Never, izvo zvakurudzira kupinza vana mabasa muchiuto. Mamwe mapoka ane zvombo, senge i Never-Never Mazember, vatarisana nokushayikwa kwetsigiro kubva kuvagari vemo, vanopinza vana nechisimba sechirango chakabatana.
Zvakare mu Ituri kune mamiriro ehukuru hwakaenzana, apo vana vanobatwa nekubiwa, kuponda, kutyorwa kwekuvimbika kwemuviri, kutorwa uye mhirizhonga yepabonde, pamusoro pezvose nemauto anobatana nedemocracy, the Congo Development Cooperative and of the Ituri Patriotic Resistance Force (FRPI), mukutyora kuri pachena chibvumirano cherunyararo chakasainwa pakati pevekupedzisira neHurumende muna Kukadzi 2020.
Kutyorwa kwakakomba kwakaonekwa munguva yakatariswa muReport yaive 7616 vachipesana nevana mazana matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nevatatu, avo 6073 vakomana nevasikana 4240, vakaitwa nevakawanda semapato makumi manomwe nemasere ekukonana. Padivi pemapoka ane zvombo, mauto ehurumende, anoti FARDC, Mapurisa eNyika yeCongo neNational Intelligence Agency vanewo mhosva dzekupara mhosva kune vadiki.
Huwandu hwemhirizhonga yepabonde hwakawedzera maererano nenguva yapfuura, uku ndiko kutyora kwakanyanya kunoitwa nemauto ehurumende (256), i.e. FARDC, zvekuti kubata vana chibharo nedzimwe mhando dzemhirizhonga dzepabonde zvakakonzera chikamu che51% chekutyorwa kwese kwaikonzerwa nemauto ehurumende. Pano zvakare zvinotendwa kuti matambudziko ane chekuita neCCIDID-19 denda, nekunetsa kwekuwana nzvimbo, zvakavanza huwandu chaihwo hwekutyorwa uku, uko kungave muhuwandu hwakakura.
Pakazara, the Chirevo chakasimbisa kuti 3901 vadiki vakanyoreswa uye vakashandiswa mukurwa munguva iri kuongororwa, kuderera kubva panguva yapfuura.. 42% yevadiki vaive pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu pakunyoresa. Mukunyora kunofanira kuverengwa kushandiswa kwevasikana vaduku sevaroora, varongo navarandakadzi. Chokwadi, vana vanopinzwa basa vanoshungurudzwa nedzimwe mhosva dzakakomba dzakadai semhirizhonga yepabonde. Vanosvika 54% yevasikana ve524 vakanyoreswa vakashuma kuti panguva yekubatana neboka rakashongedzwa vakaiswa muuranda hwepabonde (138), kuroora kwekumanikidzwa (97), kubatwa chibharo (30) uye kubatwa chibharo nechikwata (16). Kazhinji, mhirizhonga yepabonde inoperekedzwa nezvimwe zviito zveutsotsi zvakakomba, zvakaita sekukonzera kufa kwemudiki, kurwisa zvakanyanya kutendeseka kwemuviri wake, kumuita nyajambwa wekupambwa uye kupinza basa. Pavapari vemhosva vakasungwa nemhosva idzi, vanosvika zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nezvitatu kubva muzana inhengo dzemauto ehurumende.
Kuipa kwekutyorwa kwevana hakuna kuderera, zvisinei nezvisungo zvakaitwa pakuchengetedzwa kwevana neHurumende yeDRC nekusainwa kweAction Plan muna 2012 uye zvisinei nekudyidzana pakati peUN neFARDC, kuitira kuti vana vasapinzwa basa. semasoja kana kuitirwa chisimba chepabonde. Kuti izvi zviitike, zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa pamusoro penyaya yechisimba chepabonde kune vana zvakagadzirirwa neMONUSCO kuitira kuti FARDC ibatsire, iyo inoramba ichikwira pamusoro pemapoka evanhu vane mhosva yechisimba chepabonde kune vana, maererano neReport of the Secretary-General. pavana uye kurwisana kwepfuti kwe23 June 2022.
Parizvino, the Congolese penal code inopa makore anosvika 20 mujeri nokuda kwekupinza basa vana vadiki. Musi waNovember 23, 2020, Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka, aimbova mukuru weboka reMai-Mai Sheka, akanga kutongerwa upenyu nedare muNorth Kivu mhosva dzehondo, dzinosanganisira kubata chibharo, uranda hwepabonde, kuponda, kushandiswa kwevana muhondo, kupamba, kuparadza midziyo, kurwiswa kwekuvimbika kwenyama nezvimwe. Kumwe kuferefeta kwaisanganisira vazhinji vemauto ehurumende vakasungwa vachipomerwa mhosva yekurova vana vadiki.
L 'UNICEF yakagadzira zvirongwa zvekudzivirira nekutsigira kubatanidzwazve kwemhuri, kuwana rubatsiro rwezvemishonga, rubatsiro rwepfungwa nerutsigiro rwemagariro nehupfumi kuitira kubatsira kwevana vakawirwa nemhirizhonga muDRC.
Zvisinei nekuedza kwakaitwa nevepasi rose nemasangano epasi rose, the Chirevo cheSecretary General we2022 pendi a mufananidzo unotyisa yemamiriro ezvinhu evadiki vari mukurwisana kunobata DRC, kubatanidzwa kunovaita kuti vazviwane vari munjodzi, izvo zvinowedzera kukuvadzwa kwagara kuripo muchokwadi chekuva vadiki, sevagamuchiri vakadaro. kunyanya kudzivirira. MuDRC, vana vadiki vari kunyimwa dziviriro iyi nemasangano ayo, pane kudaro, ane mhosva yekutyorwa kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevana, sekushorwa neReport maererano nemabasa akaiswa neFARDC pamhosva dzinotyisa dzine zvepabonde. Dzvinyiriro inofanira kuiswa kuhurumende yeCongo kuti iite zvisungo zvakakomba uye kuita mitemo yekudzivirira uye inodzvinyirira inopesana nemaitiro akapararira munyika. Nenzira yomuzvarirwo, kuti pave nomuuyo unodzivisa, ruramisiro yenyika yose inofanirawo kupfuurira kuita rutivi rwayo.