- paPlatform 1 yechiteshi kuisirwa nevhidhiyo mukurangarira kwevanopfuura chiuru chevaJudha vakadzingwa kumusasa weBirkenau, vakabva pa18 Gumiguru 1943 kubva pachikuva chiri munzvimbo yezvigadzirwa.
- chirongwa cheMinistry of Culture, FS Group, Jewish Community of Rome uye Shoah Museum Foundation.
Iyo track yeMemory muRoma Tiburtina. Multimedia totem yakaiswa papuratifomu 1 yechiteshi chekurangarira vanopfuura chiuru chevakadzi vechiJuda, varume nevana vakadzingwa kubva kuRoma kuenda kumusasa wevasungwa weBirkenau musi wa18 Gumiguru 1943.
Iyo Roma Tiburtina totem yakavhurwa nhasi, 3 Kubvumbi 2024, neGurukota reTsika. Gennaro Sangiuliano, naSeneta weItaly Republic Esther Mieli, neMutungamiriri weNzvimbo yeLazio Francesco Rocca, naMeya weRoma Roberto Gualtieri, naMutungamiriri weNzanga yechiJudha yeRoma Victor Fadlun, neMutungamiriri weShoah Museum Foundation Mario Venezia uye neMukuru Mukuru weFS Group Luigi Ferraris.
Vhidhiyo, yakaitwawo nemupiro weIstituto Luce - Cinecittà, inoshuma pane totem uchapupu hwevamwe ve16 vakapona pakudzingwa, varume gumi nevashanu uye mukadzi 15, vasina vana. Kuvapo kwetotems muzviteshi, mharadzano dzetsika uye nzvimbo yekusangana nekukurukurirana, inomiririra nyevero yekusapa kusava nehanya uye kukokwa kwekufungisisa kurwisana nemhando dzose dzechisimba uye kusarura.
The Memory Track project, yakasimudzirwa neBazi reTsika, FS Group, the Jewish Community of Rome uye Shoah Museum Foundation, yakatanga gore rapera nekutanga ruzivo totem paPlatform 21 yeMilan Central Station, kubva pakati peMu1943 uye. 1944, zviuru zvevaJudha nevashori vezvematongerwo enyika vakadzingwa nevaNazi-fascists kuAuschwitz-Birkenau, Mauthausen uye kumwe kuurayiwa, misasa yevasungwa kana yekuunganidza seFossoli neBolzano.
"Gore rakapera, tichitevera chikumbiro chakabva kuna Senator Liliana Segre, wandinogarokwazisa nerudo rukuru, takavhura nzira yakatsaurirwa kundangariro yeShoah ine totem inofananidzira papuratifomu 21 yechiteshi chepakati cheMilan. Nhasi tinowedzera chimwe chidimbu chine totem munzvimbo iyo, pa18 Gumiguru 1943, maJuda eRoma akaendeswa kumisasa yekuurayiwa. Ndakadzokororazve kuvenga uye kusiririsa kusarudzika kweHolocaust, ndichitora pfungwa dzemunyori mukuru akadai saHannah Arendt.".
Minister of Culture akazvizivisa, Gennaro Sangiuliano, akawedzera kuti:
"Hurumende yakasimudzira mutemo, wakabvumwa neParamende, pamusoro peShoah Museum iyo ichavhurwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera muRome. Memory inonyanya kukosha mune ino nhoroondo nguva yatinoona isingagamuchirwi anti-Semitic regurgitations zvakare.".
ZVAKAITIKA
Pana 3 Gunyana 1943 Italy yakazvipira kune vanobatana nekusaina chibvumirano chehondo chaizoziviswa chete munaGunyana 8.
Kuita kweGerman kwakakurumidza uye chikamu chepakati-kuchamhembe kwenyika chakakurumidza kutorwa nemauto eGerman, nepo kudzoka kubva kumaodzanyemba kwainonoka uye kuine ropa. Vanhuwo zvavo vanowanzova ndivo vanobhadhara mutengo, vanobatanidzwa mumazana ekuuraya uye kuponda. MaGerman anomira pamutsetse wekudzivirira weGustav, unopfuura nemuItaly kubva kuPescara kuenda kuGaeta. Kudivi reTyrrhenian, Gustav ine tsinga yayo munzvimbo yeCassino, uko maGerman akakwanisa kuvharidzira kufambira mberi kweAllied kusvika muchirimo cha1944.
Mumatsutso a1943 maive nemaJuda anosvika zviuru gumi nezvitatu vaivepo muRoma, vakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nemitemo yemarudzi yakatanga kushanda munaGunyana 13.000. Musi wa1938 Gunyana mukuru wemapurisa eGerman ekuchengetedza muRoma, Herbert Kappler, akaraira mutungamiri wenzvimbo iyi. Nharaunda yechiJudha, Ugo Foà, uye kumutungamiri weUnited of Italian Jewish Communities, Dante Almansi, kuendesa makirogiramu makumi mashanu egoridhe mukati memaawa makumi matatu nematanhatu, zvichityisidzira kudzingwa kwenhengo mazana maviri munharaunda.
Pana September 28, ndarama yakakumbirwa yakaendeswa kuVia Tasso, dzimbahwe remapurisa eGermany muRome. Mumazuva akatevera chikumbiro chegoridhe, dura nemaraibhurari eCommunity neRabbinical College zvakapambwa. Kuti aite kusungwa nokudzingwa kwavaJudha vaigara muRoma, Eichmann anotumira boka chairo ravarume vasingasviki gumi vanobva Berlin, iro rinosvika muRoma pakuvamba kwaOctober. Inotungamirirwa naTheodor Dannecker, mukuru wechidiki weNazi atova nemhosva yekusungwa nekudzingwa kwevaJudha veFrance. Kuti aite mhirizhonga, Dannecker achashandisawo varume vaKappler (vamiririri vemapurisa ekuchengetedza), pamwe chete nenhengo mazana matatu emakambani matatu ekuchengetedza mutemo aripo muRoma. Mambakwedza musi waGumiguru 300, kutangira paMacào barracks muCastro Pretorio uye kubva kune yaichimbova masista mu via Salaria, zvikwata, zvinenge nguva dzose zvinoumbwa nevamiririri vatatu kusvika kunhanhatu, vanokwira marori kuenda kumatunhu 16 umo guta rakakamurwa . Munguva yekusungwa, vamwe varume vanoramba vakarinda marori, nepo vamwe vachipamba zvivakwa nedzimba, vachipa tsamba ine seti yemirairo muItaly.
Mufananidzo: Chiziviso chakapihwa nemaNazi kumaJuda kuti vasungwe panguva yekupambwa kwe16 Gumiguru. Renato Di Veroli yakavanzika archive
Vanopfuura 1250 vanhu vanotakurwa voendeswa kuMilitary College, chivakwa chemauto eItaly chiri muDella Lungara, nhanho shoma kubva kujeri reRegina Coeli. Vasiri vaJudha, vatorwa vakachengetedzwa, "vakavhenganiswa" vanhu uye vakaroorana ve "michato yakavhenganiswa" havabatanidzwi kubva pakudzingwa uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi vanenge 220 vanhu vanosunungurwa, asi vamwe vanotokwanisa kutiza.
Pana October 18, mumangwanani, vanhu vanopfuura chiuru vakaiswa mumarori ndokuendeswa kuchiteshi cheTiburtina. Vanobva vamanikidzwa kukwira chitima chekutakura zvinhu chinogadzirwa nemangoro makumi maviri nemasere ane vanhu vanosvika makumi mana rimwe nerimwe. Aya mangoro emombe asina kana hutsanana.
Imwe giramufomu yaibva kuRoyal Police Headquarters muRome, manheru mamwe chetewo, inoshuma aya mashoko: “Nhasi na14 masikati chitima cheDDA chabva pachiteshi cheTiburtina chine ngoro 28 dzevaJudha (chinenge chiuru) kubatanidza vakadzi, vana nevarume vakananga kuBrenner, pasina tsaona".
Iyo convoy inosvika masikati pa19 Gumiguru muPadua, kwainomira, yobva yayambuka Brenner Pass. Dzimwe nzvimbo pfupi dzichabvumidzwa muBavaria (pedyo neFurth im Wald) uye, pamwe, muProtectorate yeBohemia neMoravia, pedyo neOstrava.
Rwendo urwu runotora mazuva mashanu. Vanhu vanosvika vanomwe vanofira mukati mezvingoro.
Kusvika muBirkenau kunoitika manheru eChishanu 22 Gumiguru. Chitima chinomira pachikuva chakavakwa anenge mamita 800 kubva pamusuwo wemusasa, iyo inonzi Judenrampe. Magonhi anovhurwa mangwanani anotevera: vanhu "vakasunungurwa" panzira.
Pakati pevaJudha vanopfuura chiuru vanobva kuItaly, varume 149 chete nevakadzi makumi mana nevanomwe ndivo "vakasarudzwa" kushanda mumusasa. Vamwe vose, kunyange vanhu vanokwanisa zvizere kushanda, vanoiswa mumarori uye vanoendeswa kunzvimbo dzinopisa gasi.
Vanogona kunge vakaurayiwa muKrematorium IV kana V.
Pakupera kwehondo, vanhu gumi nevatanhatu chete vachadzoka: varume gumi nevashanu nemukadzi mumwe. Hapana vana.
ZVAPUPU ZVAPONA NEVAPUPU
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!