Panzvimbo dzekuvaka kune mushandi anorasikirwa nehupenyu hwake mazuva maviri ega ega uye mune imwe nyaya kubva pavatatu haashande mukambani yekuvaka, asi mubhizinesi rechikamu chekuisa chirimwa icho, sezvakafanooneswa nezvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa pakati pevashandi. the social partners, inoshandisa chibvumirano chesimbi kune vashandi vayo. Tataura izvi, hazvigone kutongerwa kunze kuti vashandi ava vari kuwedzera kuwanikwa panzvimbo yekuvaka kwete kugadzira masisitimu (magetsi, pombi dzemvura, hutsanana, air conditioning, kusimudza, nezvimwewo), asi kuita mabasa ekuvaka kwakasimba. (kuputsa, kuveza, kuvhara, masonry, nezvimwewo), pasina, zvisinei, kuva nekondirakiti yakarurama, i.e. yekuvaka. Iwo ekupedzisira maitiro anobvumira makambani anoshandisa iyi "zano" kuchengetedza pamutengo wevashandi.
Kwete chete. Vashandi vanoita basa rekuvaka, asi vasina CCNL inoenderana, havafanirwe kuenda kumakosi ekudzidziswa anopihwa kune vavaki, zvichiita kuti vashandi ava vasaziva uye vagadzirire kutarisana nenjodzi uye njodzi dzinogona kumuka panguva yekushanda. zuva.
Nehurombo, iyo data iripo haitibvumire "kuyera" kuti vangani makambani ekuvaka anoshandisa chibvumirano chesimbi pane yekuvakisa, zvisinei, mambure ekufunga kuchangogadzirwa, zviri pachena kuti vashandi vazhinji vachiri kuwana nzvimbo dzekuvaka vasina. vakagamuchira kudzidziswa kwakakwana kuchengetedza kudzidziswa. Kana pakati pezvisizvo zvakakura zvakawanikwa neLabour Inspectorate panguva yekutonga basa, kunyanya, scaffolding isina kusungirirwa zvakanaka, kusavapo kwenzira mukati menzvimbo yekuvaka yakatsaurirwa kumotokari uye / kana vanofamba netsoka kana kushaikwa kwe / kusakwana kwezvishandiso zvekudzivirira zvakabatanidzwa (parapets. , zvombo, zvipingamupinyi), zvinoreva kuti pachine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa maererano nekudzivirira. Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa neCGIA Research Office.
- 2022 VASHANDI VAKAFA PANZVIMBO YEKUVAKA MUNA 175
Zvinoenderana nedatabase yeInail, tsaona dzinosvika zana nemakumi maviri nesere munzvimbo yebasa dzakataurwa muItari muna 2022, idzo zana nemakumi manomwe neshanu - rimwechete mazuva maviri ega ega - dzaisanganisira chikamu chekuvaka. Pakati perufu rwakaitika muchikamu ichi, makumi matanhatu nenhatu (kana makumi matatu nenhanhatu muzana ehuwandu) vaive vashandi muchikamu chekumisikidza chirimwa. (ona Tab. 1 uye Tab. 2).
Chiitiko chekupedzisira chakawedzera zvakanyanya kana chichienzaniswa nechakanyorwa mumakore apfuura. Padanho renzvimbo, mamiriro akanyanya kuoma anobata Piedmont (65 muzana), Liguria neUmbria (ese aine makumi mashanu muzana), Lombardy aine 50 muzana uye Friuli Venezia Giulia aine makumi mana muzana. (ona Girafu 1).
- KUNE VABATI ZVISIYE ZVIRI MBERI VAnopfuura 220
Tisingatauri, saka, kuvapo kwehuwandu hwevashandi vasiri pamutemo mubazi rekuvaka, sezvakabudawo munjodzi yakaitika svondo rapfuura muFlorence. Vashandi vasinganyatsozivikanwi kune zviremera zvemitero, INPS neINAIL vanobhadharwa nemari kupera kwevhiki yega yega. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeIstat, chiitiko chose changa chichidzikira mumakore achangopfuura, asi vashandi vasiri pamutemo varipo mukuvaka vanosvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri ezviuru zveAWU. Tinoda kuratidza, zvisinei, kuti chiyero chekusagadzikana kwekuvaka muna 220.200 (yazvino data iripo) yaive 2021 muzana: pakati pezvikamu zvese zvehupfumi zviripo munyika, Chekurima chete ne13,3 muzana uye mamwe masevhisi kuvanhu (vashandi vemudzimba, vatarisiri. , kutarisirwa kwevanhu, nezvimwewo) ne16,8 muzana yakanga ine mwero wakakwirira kudarika kuvaka.
- ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOITIKA NETSAONA
Izvo zvakanyanya njodzi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa tsaona dzakakomba panzvimbo dzekuvaka ndeidzi:
- vashandi vanodonha kubva kumusoro;
- zvinhu zvinodonha / mitoro, kusanganisira semugumisiro wekuputsika, kudonha kwevhu kana madhaka;
- kurasikirwa kwekutonga kwevatariri mukutarisira kwemotokari dzebasa.
Zviitiko izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukanganisa kwemaitiro kwakaitwa nemunhu akuvara kana nevechitatu mapato, kana nekushandisa zvisina kunaka kwemidziyo. Tisingarevi kuti kushandiswa neakakuvara kwemaitiro ebasa asingaverengeki kana kuti asiri iwo zvachose, asi kazhinji anotenderwa mukambani, kunopa chiitiko chiri kuwedzera muhuwandu hwetsaona. Maitiro, ekupedzisira, ayo anogona kutora matanho akakosha uye ane ngozi zvakaenzana, nekuda kwekuti munzvimbo dzekuvaka huwandu hwevashandi vekuvaka vanopinzwa pasi pechibvumirano chesimbi huri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Vashandi, zviri pachena, avo, kusiyana nevanoshanda navo nechibvumirano chekuvaka pamwe chete, havana kudzidziswa kwakakwana uye ruzivo rwematanho ekudzivirira akabatana nenjodzi nenjodzi dziripo panzvimbo dzekuvaka. Kunyanya mune izvo kune kubatanidzwa-kuvapo kwemakambani mazhinji.
- KUFA KUNODZIKA MUNA 2023
Kunyangwe iyo data inoreva 2023 iri yenguva, kufa kwevanhu munzvimbo yebasa kunoratidzika kunge kuri kudzikira zvichienzaniswa ne2022. Gore rapfuura, padanho renyika, pakanga paine zviuru zana nemakumi mana nevaviri vakafa uye Lombardy, ine zana nemakumi manomwe nevaviri, ndiyo dunhu rakanyorerwa nhamba inotyisa. Izvi zvinoteverwa neVeneto ine 1.041, Campania ine makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu, Emilia Romagna ine makumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe uye Lazio ine makumi masere nepfumbamwe. Nzvimbo dzinofa dzakaderera zviri pachena kuti dzine hanya nevashoma. Iyo Autonomous Province yeBolzano ine gumi nerimwe, iyo yeTrento ine 172, Molise ine 101 uye Valle d'Aosta ine 95 ndidzo nzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kukanganiswa nenjodzi idzi munzvimbo yebasa. (ona Tab. 3). Rufu irwo zvinosuruvarisa kuti runoramba rwakanyanya uye irwo nyika yakabudirira haigoni kubvuma zvachose.
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!