Kana mabhanga eItaly akashandisa mubereko wakafanana pamari yeakaunti yazvino sezvakaita muna 2008, gore iro ECB referensi yereti yakangofanana nemazuva ano [Pamusangano wa14 Gunyana wapfuura, ECB Governing Council yakasimudza mwero mukuru werefinancing pa4,50 muzana. Sarudzo iyi ichatanga kushanda munaGunyana 20], mhuri nemabhizinesi vangave vaine mambure ekuwedzera 14,6 bhiriyoni. Zviremera zvemitero zvaizobetserwawo, sezvo mutero wemitero pamari yaizochengeta waizowana wedzero yemari inosvika mabhiriyoni 5,1 [Nhasi mutemo pamusoro pemutero wemubereko unogovera kushandiswa kwemwero wakaterama we26 muzana]. Pakazara, saka, vane maakaundi nehomwe vangave nekuwedzera 19,7 bhiriyoni pavari. CGIA Research Office yakasvika sei pane izvi zvawanikwa?
Makore gumi nemashanu apfuura iyo ECB yakanyanya kubhadharisa mari yaive 4,25 muzana uye mhindu yakashandiswa nemabhanga pamadhipoziti eItaly yaive 1,87 muzana. Nhasi, nemutengo wemari wakagadzwa neFrankfurt wakafanana, ivo vari pa 0,38 muzana. Zvakanaka, kana 1.320 muzana (panzvimbo ye1,87) yakashandiswa kune 0,38 bhiriyoni emari yekuchengetedza yakachengetwa ikozvino muItaly zvikwereti masangano, mhuri uye mabhizimisi vaizozviwana vaine mambure 14,6 bhiriyoni zvimwe.
Zvisinei, vakuru vemitero vaizofarawo sezvo, nekuda kwekuenzanisa uku nemitengo inoshanda yemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, vaizounganidza 15 bhiriyoni euros mukuwedzera mari kubva mukushandiswa kwazvino kwemitero yemubereko. Nekuwedzera zviyero zviviri izvi, vanochengetedza uye zviremera zvemitero vaizozviwana vaine imwe 5,1 bhiriyoni: ingangoita poindi yeGDP.
"Stingy" mabhangi muEU yose
Yakanga isiri masangano echikwereti eItaly airamba achikweretesa mareti pamadhipoziti pamazinga akaderera zvisina kufanira. Iyo ichangoburwa data iripo (Chikunguru 2023) inotiudza kuti avhareji yekufarira yakashandiswa paakaundi azvino emhuri muEuro Area yaive yakaenzana ne0,27 muzana (-105 hwaro hwemapoinzi zvichienzaniswa ne2008), nepo muItaly yakagara zvishoma pamusoro uye chaizvo pa. 0,28 (-118). Kunyangwe kuongorora data rine chekuita nenyika huru dzeEurope, mufananidzo "wedongo" unobuda: muFrance avhareji yemhindu yakashandiswa yaive 0,05 muzana (-13), muNetherlands 0,10 (-70), kuSpain ne0,12 (-68) uye muGermany ne0,41 muzana (-164 mapoinzi zvichienzaniswa ne2008). Muchidimbu, kunyangwe mutungamiri weECB, Christine Lagarde, kanopfuura chiitiko chimwe mumwedzi ichangopfuura akakoka masangano echikwereti kuti abhadhare zvakachengetwa nevagari vemuEurope zvakanyanya, hapana mhinduro kubva kumabhanga.
Nhasi, zvisinei, zvikwereti zvakachipa kupfuura makore gumi nemashanu apfuura
Kana kuenzanisa pakati pa2008 na2023 kuchiratidza kuti mitengo inoshanda pane yazvino account madhipoziti yaive yakakwira makore gumi nemashanu apfuura, zvakaenzana kutaura kuti zvakare kubva pakuenzanisa pane zvido zvinoshandiswa kune zvikwereti zvekutenga imba, iyo yekupedzisira mu. 15 dzaive dzakakwirira kupfuura nhasi. Kunyange zvazvo mwero wereferensi weECB uri mumwe chetewo (2008 muzana), avhareji yemhindu inobatanidza mitengo (APR) inoshandiswa kuchikwereti chemba nhasi muItaly i4,25 muzana; Makore 4,58 apfuura, zvisinei, yakanga iri 15 muzana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyaya mbiri dzichangotaurwa dzine nhamba yakasiyana yezvidzidzo zvinobatanidzwa. Kana mhuri dzese dzeItaly (dzakaenzana neanodarika mamirioni makumi maviri nenhanhatu) dziine account yazvino (mubhangi kana kuItalian Post Office), mhuri dzakatora remba nechikwereti chekutenga imba parizvino " chete" mamiriyoni 5,95 (anenge 26 muzana yehuwandu). Nokudaro, kana mhuri dzose dzichitambura kurasikirwa pakati pe3,5 ne13 kubva pakuenzanisa kwekudzoka pakuchengetedza kwavo, avo vanofungidzira vanobatsirwa kubva pakuenzanisa kweyero inoshandiswa pachikwereti vashoma. Kumabhangi, zviri pachena, mamiriro acho akadzoserwa kumashure: kana pakati pa2008 na2023 kubatsirwa kwehupfumi kubva mukushandiswa kwemari yemubereko kumaakaundi azvino kwakakwira zvakanyanya, "kurasikirwa" kubva mukushandiswa kwemitengo yemortgage, zvisinei, kushoma.
Italian kiredhiti masangano ane anowedzera zvakanaka masheti
Kana kudzoka kweinflation uye kuwedzera kwemitengo kwakonzera hurombo hwemhuri dzeItaly, mabhanga edu, kune rumwe rutivi, akanyora mhedzisiro yakanaka yebhajeti. Muna 2022, chokwadi, masangano echikwereti enyika yedu akazara, mambure emitero, 21,8 bhiriyoni euros mupurofiti, ingangoita mabhiriyoni masere kupfuura muna 8 (+ 2021 muzana) [Bhangi reItaly, Chirevo chegore - Appendix, Roma 31 Chivabvu 2023]. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akatsinhirwawo mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yegore rino. Pakati pemapoka makuru emabhangi aripo muItaly, kuwedzera kweperesenti yepurofiti kwaive kwakanaka kwazvo. Imwe chete, BPER BANCA, kunyangwe paine purofiti ye705 miriyoni euros, yakanyora kuderera (-49,1 muzana).
Zviri pachena kuti tinogona chete kuratidza kugutsikana kukuru nemigumisiro iyi; zvinoreva kuti hutongi hwemasangano emabhanga aya hwaratidza kuve hwemhando yepamusoro. Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti mugore rapfuura - nemitengo inoshanda yakashandiswa pamadhipoziti pazero point uye mitengo isina kunaka yakashandiswa pazvikwereti kana zvikwereti zvinokwira kusvika pazvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana - mutemo wezvemari weECB wakafarira kuzadzikiswa kwemhedzisiro yebhajeti yakanaka kumasangano echikwereti. Iye zvino tinotarisira kuti izvi zvakanaka zvehupfumi zvakaunganidzwa mugore rapfuura nehafu zvichagoverwa zvakare, tichiziva, semuenzaniso, mubairo "wakanaka" kune avo vanoramba vachichengeta mari yavo mumabhangi avo.
Hongu (nekuchengetedza) kumutero weimwe purofiti
Kushungurudzwa kwemari kune chero munhu kunogara kuchisiririsa. Kunyangwe kana mupi wechiyero ichi ari bhangi kana nyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, kana munhu mune imwe nguva yehupfumi akashandisa nzvimbo yake yekuwana mari kuti awedzere purofiti, kuiswa kwemutero unoshamisa mumwe chete, mumaonero edu, kunodiwa. Panyaya yekuiswa kwemutero pamabhanga ekuwedzera purofiti yakaunzwa nehurumende yeMeloni neMutemo weMutemo nhamba 104/2023, tinovimba kuti Paramende inouvandudza kana yashandurwa kuva mutemo. Semuenzaniso, kudzivirira kuranga zvikwereti zvidiki izvo, kunyangwe panguva ino yakaoma, hazvina kutadza kupa rutsigiro kumhuri nemabhizinesi madiki. Zvakare, sekupihwa kweiyo Consolidated Mutemo weIncome Taxes (TUIR), zvichiita kuti kubviswa kunoshamisa kubviswe kubva mumari yebhizinesi. Zvakadaro, isu hatikwanise kupa mutongo wehunyanzvi pamusoro pekukodzera kwebumbiro remutemo kwechirongwa ichi. Tinoda kuratidza kuti avo vanobatsirwa nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwepurofiti kubva kune inoshamisa mamiriro (munyaya iyi kubva pakukwira kwemitengo yereferensi yakatemerwa neECB), vanofanirwa kufunga nezvekuunzwa nemutemo kweimwe-off. withdrawal. Chiyero, chekupedzisira, chakanyatsoenderana nemisimboti yakajairika zvakare inotaurwa nezvayo muhunyanzvi. 2 yeBumbiro redu.