Nechiito chekupedzisira maawa mashoma apfuura muJapan pakati peItari, England neJapan, kuvakwa nekuvandudzwa kwendege yechizvarwa chechitanhatu iyo inofanirwa kuendeswa kumauto ne2035 iri kuenderera mberi. Mwaka wendege yechizvarwa chechitanhatu iri kuita hupenyu, ichibhururuka nekumhanya kwepamusoro nezvombo zvenguva yemberi (laser uye electromagnetic), namano zvakazara uye kudyidzana mumatunhu ese, kubva pachinyakare kusvika kune ari kubuda (nzvimbo, cyber, pasi pemvura).
naAndrea Pinto
Chibvumirano pa Global Combat Air Chirongwa (Gcap) yakaziviswa maawa mashoma apfuura muTokyo inomiririra nhanho yakakosha yekumberi mukubatana pakati Italy, Japan neUnited Kingdom mumunda wekusimudzira uye kuvaka kwechizvarwa chechitanhatu supersonic fighter. Mutungamiri weItaly weDziviriro, Guido Crosetto, yakasimbisa kukosha kwekubatana uku mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose anoratidzwa nevatambi vane utsinye, kusagadzikana kuri kukura, kukwikwidzana pakati penyika uye nokukurumidza kuchinja kwekombiyuta.
Crosetto akasimbisa kuti chirongwa cheGcap chakakosha kugara nhanho imwe pamberi pekutyisidzira uye yakasimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza hukama hwakasimba hunoenderana nehunhu hwakafanana senge democracy, rusununguko, kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu uye kutonga kwemutemo. Chibvumirano hachina chinangwa chekusimudzira murwi weramangwana, asiwo kuwedzera kusimbisa hukama pakati pemarudzi matatu munyaya dzekudzivirira nekuchengetedza. Pamusoro pazvo, gurukota rakaratidza chishuwo charo chekusimbaradza pamwe nekusimudzira kudyidzana kuburikidza neGcap, zvichiratidza kuti chirongwa ichi chinomiririra shoko rakasimba uye rakanaka kune pasi rose maererano nekusimba kwekudyidzana pakati penyika dziripo. Musangano wematatu pakati pemakurukota ezvekudzivirirwa kweItaly, Japan neUnited Kingdom unoratidza kuzvipira kwakabatana kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose uye kuchengetedza basa rinotungamira mukuchengetedzeka kwenyika.
Chirongwa cheGcap
The ambitious project Italian-Chirungu-Japanese, panosvika 2035, ine chinangwa chekutsiva yazvino Eurofighter, F2 uye F16. Iyo ndege haisi yekurwira yakapusa asi iyo-mundege synthesis yeakasiyana-siyana akawanda-domain matekinoroji anokwanisa kudzora mapoka ezvidhori ane zvombo kubva kumusoro, kana kuitisa zvine simba cyber kurwisa uye zvakawanda, zvakawanda. Mu Gcap zvidzidzo uye mapurojekiti akatsanangurwa nezveDutu rekuUnited Kingdom uye izvo zveJapan zveFX zvichafamba-famba. Iyo US Air Force yakasimudzirawo chirongwa, icho mu "Next generation air dominance” inogona kuvhurika kune ramangwana rekubatana. Parizvino United States ine mapurojekiti maviri: "Kupinda Munyika-Mhepo”Yemauto Emuchadenga - murwi wenguva refu wekunyepedzera kuperekedza mabhomba ekunyepera - uye iyo Fa-XX weNavy. Parizvino Boeing, Lockheed-Martin neNorthrop-Grumman chete ndivo vakaburitsa pfungwa dzechizvarwa chechitanhatu kupasi rose.
Kutora chikamu kweItaly se mutambi wekutanga iyo Gcap ichabvumira indasitiri yezvidziviriro yeItaly kutora imwe nhanho kumberi, nekudaro ichizvisimbisa munzvimbo ine rombo pakati pemaindasitiri epasi rese muchikamu ichi.
MuEngland Leonardo nokuda kwechirongwa cheTempest chiripo nemakambani akasiyana siyana uye vanhu vachashanda pachirongwa ichi mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu anotevera vachasvika zviuru makumi maviri, tichitarisa vashandi ve Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy maindasitiri e Hey muJapan, Leonardo, Avio Aero, Zvemagetsi ed MBDA Italy.
The Tempest chirongwa cheBritish, chinopihwa mari neDefence mari yekuvandudza matekinoroji matsva akapihwa kuchikwata chemakambani maanoita basa rakakosha. Leonardo, iyo ine mafekitori manomwe muUK. Avo vari muEdinburgh neLuton vachanyanyobatanidzwa muchirongwa cheTempest. Bae Systems achatarisira kuvandudzwa kweairframe uye ndege saizvozvo, Rolls Royce injini uye MBDA yezvombo zvemubhodhi (zvombo zvinokandwa asiwo lasers) uye Leonardo achave nebasa rakasarudzika muchikamu cheonboard zvemagetsi masisitimu.
Italy yanga ichitevera Tempest chirongwa kwemakore, mukupesana zvakanyanya neiyo Franco-German-Spanish iyo inonzi FCAS. kunyangwe nguva pfupi yadarika Germany yakaratidza kufarira zvikuru chirongwa cheGcap chetatu.
Asi chii chinotarisirwa, chakaberekwa, chechizvarwa chechitanhatu?
Icho chinangwa ndechekuzvidzivirira kwendege ndiko kugadzira muchina usingatarisirwe nevanhu vari muchikepe asi nevari kure vezvikepe, shanduko yehunyanzvi yazvino Kubvumbi. kumucheto.
Vagadziri veAmerica vari kushanda pane prototype inokwanisa kutonga nhamba isingaenzaniswi yeruzivo nekuramba kusingadaviriki kune yakawandisa uye kuita izvi chete robhoti richakwanisa kuvimbisa kugona uku. Vanhu vekuRussia, zvisinei, vanotenda kuti hapana komputa inogona kuita kuti muchina ushande semunhu.
Chimwe chimiro cheidzi ndege dzemangwana ndeye kuderera kuoneka. Nhasi, kubira kwechizvarwa chechishanu, kunoratidzika, hakuna kudzivirirwa zvachose kuRussia S-400 air defense systems. Avo vechizvarwa chechitanhatu vachafanira kuva vasingaoneki chose chose.
Chiyero chinotevera ndeche havukavu. Nhasi ndege dzemauto dzinomhanyisa kwazvo mukubhururuka dzinoenda kunosvika kuMach 3, kusimudzira kwechizvarwa chechitanhatu kunofanirwa kudarika chikumbaridzo cheMach 5, nokudaro kuvhura mwaka wendege dzepamusoro. Zvingangodaro, kumhanya kwekufamba kweramangwana kunenge kwakafanana neanhasi post-kupisa kumhanya - Mach 1,5-2. Iyo ndege ichakwanisa kubhururuka isina kuwedzera refueling kwenguva yakareba, uye nekudaro inoramba ichitenderera madaro mahombe kure kubva pachigadziko chayo.
Kubva pakurongeka kwemaonero, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti ndege ichave yakanyanya ergonomic. Muenzaniso wakavimbika ibapiro rakavharirwa mufuselage uye harizove rakashongedzerwa nemuswe wakatwasuka. Pamwe pahwaro hwekugadzirwa kwendege ipfungwa yekuti “mapapiro anobhururuka” (kufanana neiyo futuristic B-2, yeUS Air Force).
Ndege inofanirwa kuve nyore kufambisa mumakona angangoita 60 degrees. Iko maneuverability inobvumira varwi kuti vafambe mukati megadziriro ye "missile defense" trajectories. Ndege ine maneuverability yakakwira haifanire kutya chero chombo chinodzivirirwa.
Kudyidzana kunofanirwa kuve kwakazara nemauto ari panyika, gungwa, mhepo, aerospace, space, cyberspace uye kunyangwe pasi pemvura. Zviuru zveruzivo zvakagamuchirwa kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekuraira uye kutonga nzvimbo dzichafanira kubvumira ndege yechizvarwa chechitanhatu kutonga kwakazara kwematenga.
Zvombo zvinowaniswa nemidziyo yelaser. Pamwe michina yekupedzisira ichave yakarongedzerwa kwete nezvirove, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa nhasi, asiwo nelaser systems. Zvinogoneka kuti chombo chinenge chiri che electromagnetic kana hypersonic mhando ine inoshanduka trajectory uye inobhururuka nekumhanya zvekuti iyo air defense system haizokwanise kufambirana navo.
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!