Muna 2022, maive ne465.000 vechidiki muItaly vakasiya chikoro nguva isati yakwana.Vagari vekuItaly vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemana ane diploma rechikoro chepakati, asina kupedza kosi yehunyanzvi inozivikanwa neDunhu inogara makore anopfuura maviri uye asingaendi kuzvikoro zvechikoro kana kuita zviitiko zvekudzidzisa.], yakaenzana ne11,5 muzana yevanhu vari muboka rezera re18-24 (ona Tab. 1).
Mugore iroro, zvisinei, avo vanonzi "brain drain" vakasiya nyika yedu kuenda kunze kwenyika vaisvika 55.500 [.Vagari vekuItaly vane makore 18-39 vakatama (vakabviswa kubva kurejista)]. Muchidimbu, yekutanga ndeye 8 yakapetwa muhuwandu pane yekupedzisira (ona Tab. 2). Idzo inyaya mbiri dzakatetepa zvikuru izvo, zvisinei, dzinoramba dzichigamuchira nhanho dzakasiyana dzekutariswa kubva kune veruzhinji. Kana chikoro chekusiya chikoro chisati chaonekwa sedenda redzidzo rine mari inotyisa yemagariro evanhu, "kupukunyuka" kune dzimwe nyika kune vechidiki vakawanda, zvisinei, ndiko, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yenyaya yekutanga yakaoma yakanyanya kudarika yechipiri. Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa neCGIA Research Office.
Kune akawanda maSME zvichanetsa kuwana vashandi vakadzidziswa
Kana isu tikawedzera kune aya chaiwo maficha anoratidza nyika yedu yevechidiki dambudziko ririkuenderera mberi rehuwandu hwevanhu uye "digital revolution" ikozvino patiri, zvese izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro yakakomba kumabhizinesi edu zvakare. Nevadiki vashoma uye vashoma uye chikamu chakakosha chavo chine mwero usina kukwana wedzidzo, kune mazhinji maSME kuwana vashandi vakadzidziswa kuti vabatanidze mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira richave basa risingagoneke.
Tine vashoma vakapedza chikoro chesekondari nekoreji
Kuenzaniswa nenyika huru dzeEuropean Union, Italy inopa matambudziko maviri makuru mumunda wedzidzo yechikoro / kudzidziswa:
- nhamba yakaderera yemadiploma uye vakapedza kudzidza, kunyanya muzvidzidzo zvesainzi. Kana isu tisingakwanisi kuvhara gaka nevakwikwidzi vedu munguva pfupi inonzwisisika, tinomhanya mungozi yehurombo huzhinji hwehurongwa hwenyika;
- hurombo hwedzidzo yepamusoro uhwo, maererano nenyanzvi, hunofambirana nehurombo hwehupfumi. Zvikonzero zvinotarisa "kutiza" kubva kuchikoro zvinonyanya kuve zvetsika, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi: vana vanobva munzvimbo dzakasagadzikana uye vanobva kumhuri dzine mwero wedzidzo yakaderera vanogona kusiya chikoro vasati vapedza kosi yezvidzidzo izvo zvinovatungamira kuti vaende kuchikoro. kuwana kanenge diploma rechikoro chesekondari.
Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvekutsigira masangano ehunyanzvi
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, dzimwe nguva, kusiya chikoro kunogona kukonzerwa nekusagutsikana neiyo iripo yekudzidziswa kupihwa. Mupfungwa iyi, iro rinoshamisa rinosanganisirwa basa rinoitwa neVocational Education and Training (VET) masangano anofanira kuisirwa pasi. Chokwadi ichi chave chitarisiko chevadzidzi vekunze kwenyika, kune vakaremara uye kune vadzidzi vanodzoka kubva kuzvikoro zvakambokundikana. Zvikoro zvinowanzoshanda munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nekuparara kwakasimba kwemaguta nemagariro izvo, nekuda kwebasa rinoshamisa re "anti-kupararira" rakaitwa, zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa nezviwanikwa zvakakura kupfuura zvave kuwanikwa kusvika zvino.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru ane chokuita neSouth
Padanho renzvimbo, matunhu ekumaodzanyemba ane mwero wepamusoro wevanosiira chikoro panzira. Naizvozvo, kubva pakuenzanisa pakati pekusiira chikoro panzira uye "brain drain", Campania ndiyo inopa mukaha wepamusoro (wekutanga wakakura 16 pane wekupedzisira). Izvi zvinoteverwa nePuglia neSicily ne14, uye Tuscany neSardinia ne8 (ona Tab. 2).
Spain neGermany chete ndidzo dzakaipa kupfuura isu
Kunyangwe "kutiza" kubva kuchikoro kuri kudzikira muEurope yose, pakati penyika makumi maviri eEurozone muna 20, Italy yaive pachinhanho chechitatu chekusiya chikoro pakati pevechidiki vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemana (2022 muzana pahuwandu hunoenderana). Spain chete (18 muzana) neGermany (24 muzana) dzakava nemigumisiro yakaipa kupfuura yedu. Avhareji yeEuro Area yaive 11,5 muzana (ona Chati 13,9).
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!