Hutongi hwakashata hunobata huzhinji hwePublic Administration yedu (PA) hunokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwehupfumi kuvateresi vekuItaly vanofungidzirwa kusvika pamabhiriyoni zana nemakumi masere nemana pagore. Mari yekupedzisira inodarika kaviri saizi yekunzvenga mutero iripo muItaly. Maererano neBazi reEconomy and Finance (MEF), chaizvoizvo, mari yakarasika yegore negore inosvika 184 bhiriyoni euros (ona Tab. 84,4).
• Kudenha
Izvo zvakashoropodzwa neCGIA Research Office ndeyekutsamwisa kwakajeka kunoratidza chinhu chakakosha: mu "kupa-kutora" hukama pakati peHurumende nevateresi, mutoro wehupfumi we "kukanganisa" kunokonzerwa nePA kune vekuItaly kune yakakwira zvakajeka. kupfuura zviwanikwa zvakarasika izvo vateresi vasina kutendeseka vanosarudza kusabhadhara kuhomwe. Ndataura izvozvo, kana mhando yemabasa anopihwa neveruzhinji achifanira kuvandudzwa, zvakatonyanya kukosha kurwisa kunzvenga mutero pasina kana kana kana buts, pese painovanda. Kusavimbika kwemari, chokwadi, idambudziko risingagamuchirwe remagariro / ehupfumi iro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rinoranga vasina kusimba, nekuti rinoderedza kunaka uye kuwanda kwesevhisi inopihwa nehurongwa hweveruzhinji. Kwete chete. Pfungwa yekuti kusabhadhara mutero kwaizo "ruramiswa" nekuti nyika inoshanda zvakashata haina kana musoro. Kana munhu wese aibhadhara zvakakumbirwa, PA yaizove nezvimwe zviwanikwa zviripo, ingangoshanda zvirinani uye mamiriro acho aizogadzirwawo kuti acheke mutero wemutero.
• Kunzvenga mitero idambudziko, asi kusashanda zvakanaka kwePA ndiro dambudziko renyika
Premise:
iyo yataurwa pamusoro apa kuenzanisa kusina kukosha kwesayenzi. Tichaona gare gare, kutaura zvazviri, kuti hupfumi hwekusashanda kwePA hunorema kumabhizinesi hunobva kwakasiyana masosi, iyo data haina homogeneous, dzimwe nguva nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzinopindirana uye, nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, hazvigone kuwedzerwa.
Thesis:
zvisinei, ine zvayo conceptual kuomarara. Tichifunga nezvenhamba dzataurwa, zvinotitungamira kuti titaure kuti PA inoshanda zvisina kunaka uye zvisina kunaka inokonzera kukanganisa kwehupfumi kune vateresi iyo yakakura, kunyange yakapetwa kaviri, pane izvo Hurumende inotambura kubva kune avo vasingaite basa ravo kune vanobhadhara mutero. vateresi.
Mhedziso:
kunzvenga mutero idambudziko guru ratinofanira kubvisa zvachose, asi dambudziko chairo rehurongwa hwenyika yedu nderekugadzira muchina chaiwo, unoshanda uye unoshanda.
• Kukanganisa kutaura kwese
Zviripachena kuti zvinogara zvisina kunaka kuita generalise, kunyangwe PA yedu inogona kuverengera pamapoinzi ehunyanzvi pakati nepakati pamwero wenzvimbo iyo - muzvikamu zvehutano, kutsvagisa, kufonerana, nezvimwe. - havana vakaenzana muEurope yese. Zvakadaro, marara, kupambadza nekusashanda zvakanaka kuripo muhutungamiriri hwedu hweveruzhinji ichokwadi chinorwadza icho, zvinosuruvarisa, chine uye chiri kuramba chichitadzisa kuvandudzwa kwenyika.
• Nyaya dzakakomba dzePA yedu
Iyo CGIA Yekutsvagisa Hofisi yakatora uye yakawiriranisa mhedzisiro yekutevedzana kweongororo yekusashanda kukuru kunoratidza PA yedu. Muchidimbu ivo vanoti:
- mutengo wepagore unowanikwa nemakambani ekugadzirisa hukama nePA (bureaucracy) zvakaenzana ne57,2 bhiriyoni euros (Kunobva: Iyo European House Ambrosetti);
- zvikwereti zvekutengesa zvePA kune vatengesi vayo zvinosvika 49,6 bhiriyoni euros (Kwakabva: Eurostat);
- kunonoka kwekururamisira kunodhura nyika system 2 mapoinzi eGDP pagore iyo yakaenzana ne40 bhiriyoni euros (Kwakabva: Minister of Justice, Carlo Nordio);
- kusakwana uye tsvina iripo muhutano hwehutano inogona kuverengerwa pa24,7 bhiriyoni euros gore rega rega (Kwakabva: GIMBE);
- tsvina uye kusakwana kunowanikwa munharaunda yekutakura kwevanhu kunosvika ku12,5 mabhiriyoni ema euro pagore (Source: The European House Ambrosetti-Ferrovie dello Stato) (ona Tab.2).
Sezvatakataridza pamusoro apa, hupfumi hwemhedzisiro iyi, inotorwa kubva kwakasiyana masosi, haigone kuwedzerwa pamwechete, zvakare nekuti mune dzakawanda zviitiko nzvimbo dzekukwiridzira kweiyi ongororo dzinoitika. Nekudaro, yambiro idzi hadzikanganise iko kurongeka kwemhedzisiro yekuenzanisa kwataurwa pamusoro.
• Mharidzo yeMEF "isingavimbike" pakunzvenga mutero nevanozvishandira.
Panyaya yekunzvenga mutero, vezvenhau uye vazhinji vane chiremera vatauri vanowanzotaura data kubva ku Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) iyo inofungidzira mutero wemutero wemutero uripo munyika pa84,4 bhiriyoni euros (avhareji yenguva 2018-2020) . Tichipinda mune zvakadzama ongororo iyi, iyo yakanyanya kunzvenga mutero ingave Irpef yevashandi vanozvishandira, pamari yakaenzana ne31,2 bhiriyoni euros iyo inoenderana neiyo propensity yegap mumutero uyo kwemakore wakaramba uchiswedera kune iyo. 70 muzana. Izvi zvinoreva, maererano nevanyori vetsanangudzo iyi, kuti pasi pe70 muzana yeIrpef yaisazobhadharwa kuhomwe nevashandi vanozvishandira. Isu hatiendi mukukodzera kwemaitiro ekuverenga anoshandiswa, asi tinogumira pachedu pakuratidza "kusavimbika" kwemhedzisiro iyi. Zvinoenderana nemitero inodzoserwa yevashandi vanozvishandira muakaunzi yakareruka kuChamhembe (chaizvo mhizha nevatengesi) vakazivisa avhareji ye33 zviuru zveeuro gross mugore remutero ra2021.
• 70% havana vashandi
Tinoda kutaura kuti pamusoro pe70 muzana yenhamba dzeVAT idzi dzinoumbwa nemuridzi wega wekambani (nemamwe mazwi anoshanda ega kana, kunyanya, pamwe chete nemushandi wemhuri). Zvakanaka. Kana, sekutaura kunoita MEF, zviitiko izvi zvinonzvenga zvikamu makumi manomwe kubva muzana zveIrpef, zvingani zvavanofanira kuzivisa kana vachitevedzera zvikumbiro zvehomwe? 70 muzana yakawanda, kana inenge 130 zviuru zveeuro pagore. Zvino, vanogona sei "kusvika" mubhadharo wepamusoro wakadaro muchokwadi kana vazhinji vachishanda vari voga, saka ivo vashoma kupfuura mushandi, uye kazhinji vanogona kushanda maawa 76-10 pazuva, tisingatauri kuti panguva iyi. nguva yeawa yega yega inofanirwawo kubata nevatengi, nevatengesi, nemamwe makambani, neakaundendi, nebhangi, nekambani yeinishuwarenzi uye sevanhuwo zvavo vese vanofa angakuvara here, kurwara, nezvimwe, nezvimwe?
• Havazi "vanhu vane nzara" vatsva.
Zviripachena, hapana anogona kuvanza chokwadi chekuti kunyangwe pakati pevashandi vanozvishandira pane homwe dzekunzvenga mutero dzinofanirwa kubviswa zvachose. Nekudaro, chimwe chinhu kutaura kuti paavhareji mhizha nevatengesi vanonzvenga 70 muzana yemari yavo. Kunyangwe yakaverengerwa nenzira yakanatswa, kana isu "tichiisa pasi", fungidziro iyi inotungamira kune zvisingavimbike mhedziso. Kwete chete. Hazvitsungiririki zvakaenzana kuti nhepfenyuro zhinji nevatsinhiri vazhinji vanoshandisa fungidziro idzi kupomera vanozvishandira kuti "vakashata, vane tsvina uye vakaipa"; ndiko kuti, "vanhu vane nzara" vatsva. Ruzivo rwakakura rweruzhinji rwenhamba dzeVAT rwaizodzivirira vacherechedzi vazhinji kusvika pamhedziso dzisingaenderane neicho chaicho.
• Kuchamhembe vanozivisa 33% kupfuura vavanoshanda navo kuMaodzanyemba
Kucherekedza mutero wemutero nedunhu remumwe muzvinabhizinesi muakaunzi akareruka (mutero wemutero unosanganisira ruzhinji rwevanyanzvi nevatengesi vadiki), misiyano yemari inooneka. Kana, paavhareji, zviuru makumi matatu nezvitatu zveeuro pagore zvichiziviswa kuChamhembe, zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri chete muSouth. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvikamu makumi matatu nezvitatu kubva muzana zvakaziviswa kuChamhembe. Iri renji rinotowedzera kuwedzera kana mutero unodzoka webhizinesi rega uchiongororwa mune zvakajairika accounting. Zviripachena kuti mikaha iyi ndeyechokwadi kune akasiyana ehupfumi uye magariro mamiriro aripo munzvimbo mbiri idzi huru. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kwekupukunyuka mutero, uko kune hukuru hwakakosha kuMaodzanyemba, zvakare hakukoshese kukosha. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuwanda kwekunzvenga mutero kunosanganisira nhamba dzeVAT kunowanzo kuwanikwa kuMaodzanyemba, uko kusadzivirirwa uye kusarudzika kwevashandi ava kunoratidza kuomerwa kwakasimba kwehupfumi hwekugovaniswa kwenzvimbo. Kuongorora dhata rematunhu ega, maererano nemitero inodzoserwa muakaunzi yakareruka, muLombardy vanozvishandira vanozivisa 33 euros, mudunhu reTrento 22 euros, muVeneto 33 uye muFriuli Venezia Giulia 35.462 euros. Kune rimwe divi, muSicily inomira pa34.436 euros, muPuglia pa33.318 euros, muCampania pa33.205 euros, muBasilicata pa23.946 euros, muMolise pa23.223 euros uye muCalabria pa22.662 euros. Avhareji yenyika yakaenzana ne21.012 euros (ona Tab.19.610).
