(naGiuseppe Paccione) Masvondo mashoma apfuura, mapoka emauto eRussia (Legion yeRusununguko neRussia Volunteer Corps) vakaita kuyambuka muganhu kubva kunharaunda yeUkraine vakananga kudunhu reRussia reBelgorod. Mushure mekusunungura mimwe misha, kunyangwe kwenguva pfupi, iri pamuganhu, varwi vakamanikidzwa kudzoka patsva vakananga kunharaunda yeUkraine. Zviremera zveMoscow zvakatsanangura mapoka aya sevanoparadza chaivo uye magandanga, akapfurwa zvakaipisisa panguva yekurwisa hugandanga.
Kiev yakadzokera kumutumiri weRussia mhosva yekuve mugadziri weaya akayambuka muganhu, achiti mhirizhonga yakaitwa nevagari veRussia kana vatsigiri vaive varonga kupindira uku vakazvimirira uye kuti hurumende yeUkraine haina kumbobvira yasangana navo. . Nezvekuzvibata, kutevedzera Project on State Responsibility, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa pakarepo kuti maitiro emunhu kana boka revanhu achaonekwa sechiito cheNyika pasi pemutemo wepasi rose kana munhu kana boka revanhu richiita maererano nekuraira. , kana pasi pekutungamirirwa kana kudzorwa neHurumende iyoyo mukuita izvozvo. Chirevo chemutauriri chingangove chakaitirwa kudzivirira chero kutorwa kwemhirizhonga nemapoka eRussia paramilitary kuUkraine, mupfungwa yekuti "zviremera zveKiev zvinoda kuratidzira kunyika dzekuMadokero dzinoitsigira kuti hachisi chinangwa cheUkraine kuwedzera kukakavara nekurwisa nharaunda yeRussia kuburikidza nekushandisa zvombo zvehondo zvekuMadokero mukurwiswa ikoko.".
Nyika yeUkraine, kunyangwe yakabatwa nechisimba neRussia manu militari maitiro, yaizowira mukati meiyo kodzero yekurova mauto aripo paivhu reRussia, kusvika pakutora nzvimbo iyi kwenguva pfupi kushandisa kodzero dzayo dzechisikigo kuzvidzivirira , iyo inogona kuishandisa zvakananga nemauto ayo ehondo kana zvisina kunanga kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemauto kana mapoka emauto ari pasi pesimba rayo. Aya mapoka eRussia paramilitary akavakirwa uye anoshanda muUkraine; vakanga vachipinda munharaunda yeRussia kubva panzvimbo yavo kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweUkraine kunharaunda yeSunny, vachiwana njere uye kwete izvozvo chete, zvakataurwa kuti pakanga pasina kupindira kwehurumende yeUkraine, asi kuti ivo vaizviita vega nechinangwa. yekupidigura hutongi hwaPutin sedanho rekutanga, pfungwa yakasimbiswa neveUkraine zvakavanzika masevhisi.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dai yaive yekuona kuti Ukraine inopa zvombo nepfuti kumapoka emauto eRussia ari munharaunda yayo, ipapo rubatsiro kumapoka aya rwaizopesana nemusimboti wekusakumbira kumanikidza, wakamutswa nevemauto. Carta delle Nazioni Unite uye kubva Chirevo pamusoro pehukama hwehushamwari, iyo inotaura kuti Hurumende yega yega ine basa rekurega kuronga kana kukurudzira kurongeka kwemauto asina kurongeka kana mauto akashongedzerwa, kunyanya zvikwata zvevarwi vehondo, kuti vapinde munzvimbo yeimwe Nyika, asiwo kubva pakurangarira kuti Nyika imwe neimwe ine basa rekurega kuronga, kukurudzira, kutsigira kana kutora chikamu muzviito zvehondo yevagari vemo kana hugandanga munharaunda yeimwe Nyika, kana kushivirira munzvimbo dzayo zviitiko zvakarongwa nechinangwa chekuita zviito zvakadaro, kana zviito zvataurwa mundima ino zvinosanganisira kutyisidzira. kana kushandisa simba.
Tsigiro yevaUkraine kumabasa echiuto ekufamba kweRussia vachipokana naPutin yaizomiririra kutyora kwakanyatso uye kwakajeka kwechiyero chekusapindira kana kupindira. Pamusimboti uyu, zvakafanana zvakazvitaura pachazvo International Court of Justice mukutonga kunozivikanwa pamusoro pemabasa emauto nemauto muNicaragua uye mukurwisana neNicaragua, iyo yakasimbisa kuti, pasi pemutemo wenyika dzakawanda, kana Hurumende, nechinangwa chekumanikidza nemauto kune imwe Nyika, inopa rubatsiro nerutsigiro kune zvikwata zvepfuti. iyo nyika, ine chinangwa chekupidigura hurumende yenyika iyoyo, izvi zvinosvika pakukanganiswa nemumwe mu kutonga kwemumba kana nyaya dzemukati memumwe, zvisinei nekuti chinangwa cheNyika chiri kupa rubatsiro rwakadaro nerutsigiro chakafanana here.
Ergo, zvinogona kupokana kuti chero tsigiro yezviremera zveUkraine zvekufamba kwemauto eRussia uye kupinda kwavo mumuganhu kungave kuita zvisiri pamutemo. Dambudziko rinenge riri pamusoro pekuti kusave nemutemo kwehunhu kunodzivirirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu asingasanganisire zvisiri pamutemo, chero zvichiremekedza zvinhu, zvakaiswa mu Chitsauko V cheChinyorwa cheZvinyorwa pamusoro peMutoro weHurumendekubva pakubvumirana kusvika pakudzivirira zviri pamutemo zvichingodaro.
Izvo zvinogona, zvakadaro, zvakare, zvakare, kuti kusava nemutemo kwerutsigiro rwehurumende yeKiev yekupinda mumuganhu hakurambidzwi senzira yekupokana mukupindura hutsinye hweMoscow husiri pamutemo hunopesana nenyika yeUkraine. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti maitiro ekugadzirisa matanho ekupikisa haana kugutsikana, kunyange zvazvo matanho akadaro asina kukanganisa kune zvinodiwa kuti urege kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwesimba rekumanikidza sezvakamutswa mu Onusian charter. Chisungo chekusaenda kune jus ad bellum zvinosanganisira chisungo chinosungirwa kurega kutsigira mapoka akarongeka ezvikwata zvine pfuti ane chinangwa chekupinda munzvimbo yeimwe nyika.
Kunyange mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anodzivisa chiito chisingabvumirwi nemutemo, kusanganisira kuramba kwechikonzero, hachiratidzike sechinoshanda sezvo kurambidzwa kwechisimba chekuita kwechisimba kunomiririra muenzaniso wakajeka wemutemo une unhu hwe. jus cogens. Maererano neState Responsibility Project, hapana mutemo usingabatanidzi kusatenderwa kwemutemo kwechero chiito cheNyika chisingaenderane nechirambidzo chinobva patsika dzemitemo yechivanhu yepasi rose.
Zvakangodaro, rutsigiro rwakapihwa nehurumende yeUkraine kumapoka emauto ari kuita mhirizhonga dzemuganho anogona kugadzirwa mune pamutemo sekushandiswa kwekodzero yekuzvidzivirira. Muchokwadi, nguva dzose izvo zvinotaurwa muProjekti, zvinotaurwa kuti kusatenderwa kwechiito cheNyika hakubatanidzwe kana chiito ichi chiri chiyero chepamutemo chekuzvidzivirira chakatorwa mukuteerana nemutemo. Carta delle Nazioni Unite. Chiito chakadaro hachigone kutorwa sekupinda mumuganhu wega wega nekuda kwechikonzero chete, maererano nemaonero evatambi vanobatanidzwa, kuti hazvigone kupihwa mhosva kune yeUkraine nyika, asi chiito chehurumende rubatsiro rweUkraine kune vaviri ava. Mapoka eRussia anoita kurwisa kwakadaro kurwisa Russia.
Kubatsira mukupinda munzvimbo yeimwe nyika nemapoka emapurisa kazhinji kutyora kuri pachena kwemusimboti wekusashandisa simba wakapihwa mu Onusian charter, izvi hazvishande kana rubatsiro rwakaiswa mukati mehurongwa hwekudzivirira zviri pamutemo, kureva kutaura kuti Hurumende inoshandisa kodzero yayo yekuzvidzivirira zviri pamutemo haitombotyori mutemo unorambidza kushandisa chiridzwa chemauto kana jus ad bellum.
Zvechokwadi, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti vaUkrainian vari kushandisa kodzero yavo yekuzvarwa kuti vazvidzivirire pakurwisana kweRussia kwakatanga musi waFebruary 24, 2022. Iye zvino, chokwadi chokuti zviremera zveUkraine hazvina kutora kupindira pachako sekuzvidzivirira kuzvidzivirira, hazvimutadzise kuti akwanise kutora kodzero yake yekuzvidzivirira maererano nemamwe maitiro ane chekuita nekupinda.
Ndichiri kuzvidzivirira, kunyatsotaura, haishande seamburera yekururamisa kwekutyorwa kweiyo isiri-yekudzoreredza chiyero jus ad bellum, yakamutswa San Francisco kadhi, inogona kururamisa kusatevedzera nekuzadzikiswa kwezvimwe zvisungo zvine chekuita nekutyorwa kwetsika iyi, mupfungwa yekuti, panguva yekuzvidzivirira, Hurumende inogona kutyora kana kuregeredza zvimwe zvisungo kune anorova, senge, nenzira semuenzaniso, iyo yekupindira munharaunda yayo, kupindira mune zvayo zvemukati, et alias. Ergo, kusvika pamwero werutsigiro rweUkraine kune veRussia vanopikisa mafambiro zvakare inomiririra kutyorwa kwemusimboti wekusapindira, zvisinei izvi zvingave zvichitsamira pakururamisa kwekodzero yekuzvidzivirira.
Sezviri pachena, inofanira kutaurwa pakarepo kuti chiyero chekuzvidzivirira chega chega chinofanira kuremekedza zvigadziro zvekudiwa uye kuenzana, kuitira kuti kudzivirira kwepamutemo kunogumira kumatanho ane chinangwa chekudzinga kurwisa. Iwo maviri ma paramita anofanirwa kushandiswa maererano nechiyero chakatorwa chaizvo, kureva kupa rubatsiro kumapoka eRussia paramilitary ari kuita kuyambuka muganhu. Chinangwa chekupedzisira chemapoka ataurwa pamusoro apa ndiko kuparadzwa kwehurumende yese yehurumende inotungamirirwa naPutin, iyo isina kukosha panyaya iyi. Kunyangwe kana izvo zvekupedzisira zvaive zvisina kudikanwa kuitira kudzivirira nyika yeUkraine kubva mukurwiswa kwemauto eMoscow, kurwiswa kwemuganho zvechokwadi kune chinangwa chepamutemo chekuzvidzivirira icho chine chekuita nekubviswa kwemauto eRussia kubva munhandare huru dzehondo. pavhu reUkraine, kuvhara muvengi ari kugara uye kugura nzira dzekugovera, izvo zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti tsigiro yeanopokana-Putinian Russian paramilitary mapoka inoenderana, saka, kudiwa kwekukwanisa kuzvidzivirira, iyo inowira mukati mehurongwa. yenzvimbo yekuzvidzivirira.
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Ichokwadi kuti mune zvematongerwo enyika zvingave zvisina kufanira kubvumidza zvakarongwa uye zvakaitwa zvekuyambuka muganhu neRussia paramilitary mafambiro sezviito zveUkraine kuzvidzivirira, asi zviri pamutemo rubatsiro rwakapihwa kumapoka akadaro anoshuva kudzinga Putin neanomukomba. yakafukidzwa nekodzero yepanyama yevaUkraine kuti vazvidzivirire. Mukushandisa kodzero iyi, yakataurwawo muCharter yeUnited Nations, hurumende yeUkraine inogona kuunza kana kurwa hondo kuRussian Federation nemauto ayo kana kutora mukana wemauto eRussia anorwa nehurumende yeKremlin.