Musangano uyo wakaongorora kusiyana kwevakadzi pamusika wevashandi uye nesocial chengetedzo system wakaitika muRome, munzvimbo yakanakisa yePalazzo Wedekind, ichitaura nezve data rakabatwa neINPS.
Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, musika wekuItaly wemabasa wakaita chirongwa cheshanduko yakadzama yemagariro netsika iyo yakabata vakadzi zvine mutsindo. Kusiyana nekare, hapasisina zvipingamupinyi zviri pamutemo zvinotadzisa vakadzi kuwana mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei neizvi, kuenzana mumusika wevashandi kuchiri kure nekuzadzikiswa zvizere. Mumakore gumi apfuura, chikamu chevakadzi vanoshandirwa mubazi rakazvimirira rega asiri ezvekurima chakawedzera zvishoma; chiyero chevakadzi, chakaverengerwa sechikamu chevakadzi vanoshanda zvichienzaniswa nevose vakashanda, vakabva ku40,6% muna 2010 kusvika ku41,7% muna 2022. Uyezve, vakadzi vanoramba vachiwana basa mune zvishoma zvishoma zvemabasa zvichienzaniswa nevarume vavanoshanda navo (horizontal). kupatsanurwa kwebasa). Ivo vakatariswa mune mamwe matunhu ebazi rebasa (muna 2022 mwero wevakadzi ungangoita 79% muhutano, 77% mudzidzo, 53% munzvimbo yekugara / yekudyara) uye panzvimbo pezvo vanomiririrwa muchikamu chekugadzira (30 % nezve) . Izvi zvinoperekedzwa nekuvepo kwechikadzi kwakaderera munzvimbo dzepamusoro uye dzakawanda dzinobhadhara. Muna 2022 chete 21% yemamaneja nevatungamiriri vari vanhukadzi, chikamu ichi chaive 13% muna 2010. Ongororo yedata ine chekuita nehukama hwepamusoro hwebasa mubazi risiri rekurima rakazvimirira rinoratidza musiyano wakajeka wemuhoro kune kukanganisa kwevakadzi munguva yese. nguva inofungidzirwa. Mubairo wemubairo wemurume mumari yegore wakatenderedza 40% (pasina shanduko huru mumakore gumi apfuura), nepo ichidonha kusvika kunosvika makumi matatu muzana pamuhoro wezuva nezuva.
Iyi gaka, zvishoma muchikamu, mhedzisiro yekusiyana kunoitika pamatanho akasiyana (munhu, chibvumirano, chikamu, kambani, nezvimwewo). Vakadzi, pamusoro pekumiririrwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvinobhadhara mihoro yakaderera uye kuvepo kushoma muzvinzvimbo zvepamusoro, vanowanzo shanda kwemazuva mashoma (muna 2022, mubazi rakazvimirira, mazuva anobhadharwa ari paavhareji 221 kuvakadzi uye 234 kuvarume. ) uye kazhinji vanoshandirwa pane imwe nguva (chiitiko chebasa renguva pfupi iri pedyo ne50% pakati pevakadzi uye munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeSouth inopfuura 60%). Kana tichienzanisa vakadzi nevarume vane munhu mumwechete uye hunhu hwebasa uye vanoshanda mukati mekambani imwe chete, gaka remuhoro wepagore rakatenderedza 12% uye rakatenderedza 10% mumuhoro wezuva nezuva. Iyi gaka haitsanangurirwe nemunhu akasiyana uye mamiriro ekushanda anocherechedzwa kwatiri.
Aya mapundu, kunyangwe asina kucherechedzwa zvishoma, anoitikawo mubazi rehurumende umo 2/3 yevashandi vanhukadzi. Nenzira yakada kufanana nezvinoitika munharaunda yakazvimirira, kune kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwechikamu. Muzvikoro (chikamu umo inenge 1/3 yevashandi vose vehurumende vanoshanda), vakadzi vanomiririra inenge 80% yevashandi vose; Utano hwezvehutano zvakare chikamu chine huwandu hwepamusoro hwevakadzi (65% muna 2014 uye inoda kusvika 70% muna 2021); nepo, pane zvinopesana, muMauto Emauto, Mapurisa neFire Brigade hukama hwacho hwakadzoserwa zvachose uye varume vanomiririra vanenge 90% yevashandi vari mubasa. Mune mamwe masectors mune chiyero chakakura. Ongororo yemuhoro wepagore uye wezuva nezuva unoratidza kuvepo kwemubairo wevarume zvakare mubazi rehurumende, kunyangwe zvakanyanyisa kupfuura izvo zvinowanikwa mubazi rakazvimirira. Iyo gap mbishi (isina kutonga kune munhu uye yebasa maitiro) yakatenderedza 16%, nepo gaka rine munhu mumwechete uye hunhu hwebasa hwakatenderedza 6%. Mufambo mudiki pakati pezviyero zviviri izvi zvemuhoro kana zvichienzaniswa nevemasangano akazvimiririra zvinoenderana nekuti vakadzi nevarume vanoshandirwa mubazi rehurumende vanoratidza zvibvumirano zvakafanana. Semuenzaniso, gaka revakadzi mukushandiswa kwezvibvumirano zvenguva pfupi ingori zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvichienzaniswa neanoda kusvika makumi matatu mubazi rakazvimirira. Mashoko pamusoro pekushandiswa kwezororo revabereki mumakore gumi apfuura anoratidza kuti zvikumbiro zvezororo naamai zvinovhara zvinopfuura 3% yehuwandu hwehuwandu uye kuti gaka rekukumbira nemunhukadzi rakanyanya kukura kusvika pamakore matatu ekuberekwa kwemwana. boka rezera umo zvikumbiro zvizhinji zvakanangana (zvinenge 30%).
Zvizhinji zvezvikumbiro zvezororo zvinoratidzwa nevashandi vanoshandirwa mumakambani makuru. Uyezve, chiitiko chevashandi venguva yakazara pahuwandu hwevanyoreri chakakomba, kunyanya kumadzibaba (kuna 2022 chiitiko chechikamu chenguva pakati pevanyoreri chinodarika 46% nepo kumadzibaba chakamira pa9%. Pakupedzisira, chiitiko chekukumbira vashandi vanoonekwa nezvibvumirano zvebasa zvechigarire chiri kutonyanya kushamisa (kupfuura 96% kune yega yega yevarume vaviri panguva yese). Nezve, zvisinei, zororo rebaba, rakaunzwa pahwaro hwekuyedza kwemakore 2013-2015, zvinoratidzwa kuti kutora-up kwakawedzera sei zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore, kubva pa19% muna 2013 kusvika 64% muna 2022. Iyo inoratidzirwa neimwe heterogeneity yakabatana nemunhu uye kushanda maitiro emunhu ane kodzero. Muchokwadi, kutora-up kwakakura kune avo vanoshandirwa muIndasitiri chikamu (69% muna 2022), hushoma muchikamu cheKugara uye chekudya (chingangoita 33% muna 2022). Iyo yakakwirira mumakambani makuru kupfuura mumakambani maduku, uye pakati pevashandi vekusingaperi; kune yekupedzisira, chokwadi, kutora-up kwakanyorwa muna 2022 kwakaenzana ne65%. Pakupedzisira, inowanzokura sezvo mamiriro ehupfumi emushandi anovandudza. Kana zviri zvegege remuhoro wepenjeni, ongororo yakaitwa inoratidza kuti misiyano, inoenderera nekufamba kwenguva, inokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekuenderera mberi kwemabasa ayo anoratidzwa mukusiyana kwemuhoro une chekuita nemuhoro uye zvisina kunanga kune vanopa kuburikidza. mupiro wakaderera. Pamusoro peizvi, zvinoonekwa kuti mabhindauko ezvemudyandigere ane musiyano pakati pevarume nevakadzi sezvo aifambirana nezvinodiwa kuti vanhurume vawane mukana wekuenda pamudyandigere izvo zvanga zvisinganyanyi kuomesera vanhukadzi. Ongororo yedata yakaratidza kuti pavanhu vangangosvika 16,1 miriyoni vanodya penjeni muna 2022, 52% vanhukadzi; zvisinei, ava vakagamuchira chete 44% yemudyandigere mari, kana € 141 bhiriyoni, pamwe avhareji pamwedzi uwandu € 1.416, 36% yakaderera pane varume. Mumakore makumi maviri adarika, mumazita, gaka revakadzi rakaramba richikura nekufamba kwenguva uye rabva pa20 € muna 3.900 kuenda pa2001 € muna 6.200. Pamitengo yenguva dzose (2022 euros), kuwedzera kwepakati kwaive kudiki. Zvichienderana, kureva kuenzanisa mutsauko nemari yevakadzi, mukaha wakadzikira kubva pa42 kusvika pa36%. Vakadzi vanomiririrwa zvakanyanya mumakirasi emari yepenjeni yakaderera (inosvika €1.500 pamwedzi) nepo vanopfuura 70% yevanogamuchira mukirasi yepamusoro (inodarika €3.000 pamwedzi) vari varume; izvi zvinobva pamusiyano werudzi rwerubatsiro rwakagamuchirwa (muna 2022, 50% yevarume vanowana penjeni yepakutanga - iyo yepamusoro-soro paavhareji - zvichienzaniswa ne20% yevakadzi, nepo vekupedzisira vachiwana penjeni yevasara). Aya mapundu anobudawo kana tichifunga nezve avhareji yezvibatsiro, neavhareji mukana wevarume wepamusoro pe60% (€1.430 maringe ne884 €, muna 2022), uye muhuwandu hwemabhenefiti pamunhu (paavhareji yakakura kuvakadzi). Pamusoro pezvo, misiyano yakakura yevakadzi inobuda muhuwandu kunyangwe hwemhando imwe chete yerubatsiro (kunyanya kuchembere nekuremara kune gap re50%) nepo kurapwa kwerubatsiro, kwakabatana nemamiriro ekuoma kwehupfumi uye neakanyanya kuderera sirin'i, ane zvakafanana. values, paavhareji. Nekune rimwe divi, penjeni yemunhu anenge ararama ayo vakadzi vanonyanya kubatsirikana nayo inobatsira mukuderedza mukaha, asi mupiro wacho wakaganhurirwa zvikuru.
Mukutaura kwake, Mutungamiriri weCIV yeINPS, Roberto Ghiselli, akati: "Kunyange kubva pamaonero etsika, ruzivo rwakakura rwekusiyana kwevakadzi huri kubuda muzvizvarwa zvitsva, zvisinei nekuti musiyano uyu uchiri kuoneka kunyanya. nokuti zvinonetsa zvinobhadhara misiyano uye kusaenderera mberi kwebasa pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Zvikonzero zvekusiyana uku zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nesangano rebasa nekugadzira risingatarise kuyananiswa kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye zvinowanzoitika kuti, mukati menharaunda, mabasa evana uye kuzviriritira anoshaikwa zvachose. Tsvagiridzo yakapihwa nhasi neINPS CIV, yakadzama uye yakakwana, inofanira kuenderera mberi mune ramangwana, nguva dzose ichibatana neanokwanisa manejimendi eInstitute. Nechirongwa chemazuva ano, INPS haingode kuendesa kune vese vatauriri vayo hupfumi hwedata hwainahwo maererano negege gege, asi pamusoro pezvose inoda kudyisa hukama hwehukama hunoibvumira kushanda mumubatanidzwa kutsigira zvirongwa zvinoshanda zvekurwisa. kusiyana pakati pevarume nevakadzi, pakati nepakati uye munharaunda. "
Annamaria Furlan, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weParamende Komisheni yekutonga kwezviitwa zvemitumbi inotarisira nzira dzinosungirwa dzekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nerubatsiro, vachitaura nezve data rakaunzwa neInstitute, vakadzokorora kukosha kwekuita zviito zvekutonga zvinobudirira uye marongero ekurwisa gaka riripo. type.
Komisheni anoshamisa weINPS, Micaela Gelera, akasimbisa kukosha uye kukosha kwehupfumi hwe data rekutonga rakaitwa neInstitute iro rinoongorora zvakadzama zviitiko zvakaita sekusaenzana kwevakadzi panguva yekushanda uye nekuzoenda pamudyandigere. Kuna Komisheni Gelera "kusaenzana kwevakadzi idambudziko richiri kuoneka munyika yedu nhasi uye izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kusimbisa nekugadzirisa matanho anoitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vanoita sarudzo yekuyananisa mabasa emhuri nehupenyu hwekushanda hwevakadzi. Ndiri kufunga, semuenzaniso, nezvezororo, bhonasi yekurera, imwe chete yepasirese mvumo uye chiyero chazvino, chakaunzwa nehurumende, kukurudzira muhoro wevanaamai vanoshanda (vanodaidzwa kuti Amai Bhonasi), zvichivabvumira kutarisana nemhuri. mutoro unobatanidzwa nekuvapo kwevana. Saizvozvo, matanho ese ane chinangwa chekuchengeta vanhu vakura vasingazviriri achaita kuti zvikwanise kurerutsa mutoro wemhuri wevakadzi. "
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!