Kupinza kunze kwenyika kunogona kuve panjodzi: kunyanya kubva kuLombardy neVeneto
Kusvika zvino, mhepo dzehondo dziri kuvhuvhuta kuMiddle East hadzisati dzaunza mhedzisiro yakakomba pakutengeserana kwedu. Muchokwadi, pakati pemwedzi miviri yekutanga ye2023 uye nguva imwe chete yegore rino, nhamba yezvikepe zvevatengesi (kutakura zvinhu nematangi) zvakasvika muzviteshi zveItaly zvakadzikira nezvikamu zana nemakumi matanhatu nepfumbamwe (yakaenzana ne-169 muzana yevose vanosvika).
Muchidimbu, hondo pakati peIsrael neHamas nemigumisiro yairi kukonzera munharaunda yeGungwa Dzvuku haisati yanzwikwa zvakanyanya. Hongu, kuparara kwezvikepe zvevatengesi mumwedzi miviri yekutanga ye2024 muStraits yeBab el-Mandeb Strait (Yemen) (-50,5 muzana) uye muSuez Canal (Egypt) (-39,3 muzana) yakanga yakakosha; nekudaro, mafambiro achitevedza Cape yeGood Hope (South Africa) akawana kuwedzera kwe84,5 muzana. (ona Tab. 1).
Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kusvika ikozvino, ngarava dzevatengesi dzinobva kuSouth East Asia dzinenge dzese dzakamhara muMedithera uye dzakazotevera muzviteshi zvedu. Zviri pachena kuti nguva dzekufamba dzave dzakareba, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya mumutengo wekutakura. Kune 40-foot container (12 metres kureba, inenge 2,5 metres yakafara uye yakakwirira) iyo yakafamba nzira yeChina-East Asia pakati paJanuary uye yakasvika kuMediterranean, mutengo wakasvika pamusoro pemadhora 6.673. Hapana chekuita, zvisinei, nemitengo yakachajwa muzhizha ra2021, pavakanga vasvika zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemadhora. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi mishoma yapfuura, mitengo iri kudonha. Pakupedzisira Kurume 12.000st, chokwadi, mutengo wakadonha kusvika kumadhora zviuru zvina nemazana mapfumbamwe neshanu pamudziyo, zvichienzaniswa nemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi matatu akanyorwa nendege yepasirese yekutakura yakaverengerwa neFreightos Baltic Index. (ona Girafu 1). Iri ndiro CGIA Dhipatimendi Rekutsvagisa.
Zviteshi: madocking mashoma muGenoa, Livorno neVenice
Sezvatataura pamusoro apa, pakati pemwedzi miviri yekutanga ye2023 uye nguva imwe chete yegore rino nhamba yezvikepe zvevatengesi (kutakura zvinhu nematangi) zvakasvika muzviteshi zveItaly zvakaderedza zvikamu zve169 (-3,6 muzana yehuwandu ). Pakati pemahombe echiteshi masisitimu aripo munyika, iyo inonyanya kukosha chibvumirano mumashoko akazara ane chekuita neGenoa iyo yakaona dockings ichidzikira ne61 mauniti (-10,7 muzana). Livorno inotevera -43 (-9,8 muzana) uye Venice ine -34 (-6,4 muzana). Kusiyana, zvisinei, zvigumisiro zvakawanikwa nechiteshi cheAugusta (iyi chiteshi chezvikepe chinoratidzwa nekuvapo kwakasimba kwemafuta, kuchengetedza uye kuvaka ngarava) iyo yakanyora kuwedzera kwemabheti e30 units (+12,2 muzana), kubva kune iyo yeNaples. (Zvakajeka zvesaiti ino zvine chekuita nekuvaka ngarava, cabotage uye kutakura zvinhu zveSicily neSardinia) ine +35 mayunitsi (+ 18,2 muzana) uye kubva kune iyo yeSarroch-Cagliari (ichi chimiro chinoshanda mu petrochemical / petroleum zviitiko, traffic traffic, transshipment uye Ro-Ro) ine +39 zvikamu (+18,7 muzana) (ona Tab. 2).
Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kuri panjodzi, kunyanya kubva kuLombardy neVeneto
Nekutaura kune ichangoburwa data data (gore 2022), kutengeserana kweItaly kune dzimwe nyika (import + kunze kwenyika) iyo "inofamba" nechikepe nenyika zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga zvichikanganiswa nedambudziko reGungwa Dzvuku (import-export inoitika kuburikidza nekufambisa kwemakungwa ne Nyika dzeCentral Asia, Eastern Asia, Oceania neMiddle East; kune idzi nzvimbo dzekufambisa dzemugungwa dzinomiririra 2/3 (66%) yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa (161,7 bhiriyoni euros ye246,8, 2022 bhiriyoni euros, zvichibva pane definitive data ye1.286. ).Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kweItaly munyika yose kwakasvika 2022 bhiriyoni euros muna 660 (626 mabhiriyoni eeuro ekunze uye 161,7 bhiriyoni yekunze). Nyika dzekuMabvazuva dzisina "kukwevera" paGungwa Dzvuku dzakadai seSyria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan (asi izvo zvakadaro vanozviwana vari munzvimbo ine mhirizhonga yakanyanya geo-zvematongerwo enyika), uye kune imwe chikamu. zvisingatarisirwi, sezvo nyika dzeEastern Sub-Saharan Africa dzisingabatanidzwe, matunhu ayo kutengeserana kunze kwenyika neItari kuri nyore kupfuura nemuSuez) anosvika 12,6 bhiriyoni euros. Mari iyi inokanganisa kutengeserana kwese kwekunze kwenyika yedu nechikamu che161,7%. Pakati peaya 110 bhiriyoni, 68 (yakaenzana ne51,7 muzana) inobata kunze kwenyika uye "chete" 32 bhiriyoni euros (yakaenzana ne30,4 muzana) ine chekuita nekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Tichifunga nezvenhamba idzi, kana mamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo yeMiddle East akawedzera kuipa, kukanganisa kwacho kwaigona kunzwika zvakanyanya pakutengwa kwezvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika. Panharaunda yenharaunda, Lombardy neVeneto ndiyo nzvimbo dzinogona kunge dziri pangozi: kana yekare iine 17 bhiriyoni mune zvekunze munyika dzine chokuita, iyo yekupedzisira inenge inenge 9,3. Inotevera Emilia Romagna ine 7,4 bhiriyoni uye Lazio ine 12,5 bhiriyoni. Pamberi pekutumira kunze, zvisinei, iyo yakanyanya mu "ngozi" zvakare inoramba iri Lombardy iyo inonyora 8,7 bhiriyoni mukutengesa munzvimbo idzi. Emilia Romagna anotevera ne5,7 uye Veneto ine XNUMX bhiriyoni euros (ona Tab. 3).
Izvo zvinofanirwawo kusimbiswa kuti kukosha kwekunze kwakakonzerwa nedambudziko reGungwa Dzvuku kuri kudzikira kana zvichienzaniswa ne2022 (kubva pamabhiriyoni zana negumi negumi kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu anofungidzirwa muna 110), nekuda kwekudonha kwemitengo yekunze, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kana, zvisinei, kusawirirana munharaunda iyoyo kukaramba kuchienderera mberi, kukwira kutsva kwemitengo yeoiri isina kukora uye gasi rechisikigo hakungarambidzwi.
Michina uye petroleum/makemikari zvigadzirwa zviri munjodzi
Kubva pakuongorora kwezvikamu zvezvigadzirwa zvinobuda kuti pamabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe.161,7 emadhora uko kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nenyika dzakakanganisika nedambudziko reGungwa Dzvuku, michina nemidziyo yemagetsi/muchina ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvinogona kurangwa zvakanyanya nemhepo dzehondo. vari kuvhuvhuta munzvimbo iyoyo. Iyo ichangoburwa data iripo inotiudza, chokwadi, kuti ichi chigadzirwa chikamu chakakosha 36,5 bhiriyoni euros pagore (20,1 yezvinotengeswa kunze uko 16,4 bhiriyoni ekunze anowedzerwa). Izvi zvinoteverwa nemafuta epetroleum uye gasi rechisikigo rine 24,9 bhiriyoni mune kunze kwenyika, makemikari / rabha / zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvine 18,9 bhiriyoni (12,4 mune zvekunze uye 6,4 mune kunze kwenyika) uye masimbi ane 18,6 bhiriyoni euros (15,4 kunze kwenyika uye 3,2 kunze kwenyika) (ona Tab. 4).
Nyorera kune yedu yemashoko!