Islam, Islam, jihadism uye mamwe akawanda ndiwo mazwi anoratidzira musangano wepasirese-wechitendero uyo mune mamwe magwinyiro akapika kufa kunyika yekuMadokero inogarwa nevanonzi vasatendeka. Kunyatsoongororwa kweIslam kwakaitwa nemukuru Pasquale Preziosa pane saiti l 'Eurispes, ongororo yeyaimbove Chief of Staff weAir Force uye nhasi mutungamiri wenyika weObservatory on Security yeasina kuzivikanwa Research Institute uyo anotsanangura, kusvikira nhasi, chimiro chemafambiro eIslam uye jihad ichiita chidzidzo chakati pane zvinoita kunge zvine mwero. Islam yeMutungamiri weTurkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Maererano na ʿAbd Allāh al--Azzām «Kuchengetedza nyika yevaMuslim ibasa rinokosha kwazvo remunhu wese " ndizvo "Iri basa harisi kuzopera nekukunda muAfghanistan; jihad inoramba iri chisungo chega kudzamara imwe nyika yese yaive yevaMuslim yadzoserwa kwatiri, kuitira kuti Islam idzokere kutonga pamberi pedu kune Palestine, Lebanon, Chad, Eritrea, Somalia, Philippines, Burma, South Yemen, Tashkent neAndalusia".
Al-zzAzzām, muna 1979 muPakistan, akaronga kurwisa kurwisa kweSoviet kweAfghanistan uye muguta rePeshāwar akatanga kufamba kweMujāhidn yakapihwa mari nePakistan, Saudi Arabia neUSA. Osama bin Laden, muna 1979, akabatana nemauto eMujāhidn muPakistan vachirwisa maSoviet; mu1984 akatanga Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK) yekutora vatorwa, kugamuchirwa kwezvombo nemari yepasi rose yesangano reIslam, uye mu1988 akatanga Al-Qaeda, gore pamberi pekufa kwaAl-zzAzzām.
Iyo MAK yaive pamberi uye fungidziro yechiitiko chemagandanga chakatungamira kuna 11/XNUMX.
Kufambisa kweIslam
Masangano eIslam anomiririra michero yemwaka wekumukira kuMiddle East neMaghreb, asi kuita kwavo kwezvematongerwo enyika kunogona kubatana kune iyo Iranian shanduko ya1979, uye nehondo yekupikisa kurwisa kweSoviet kweAfghanistan, kunyange vachingozviratidza muna 2011.
ChiIslam - chakasiyana neIslam chinova chitendero - inyanzvi mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro zvine hunhu hwehudzvanyiriri, hunoisa ziso pahunhu hwezvitendero. Nzira nhatu huru dzinogona kuteverwa kuve nechokwadi chekutonga pamusoro pevanhu vechiMuslim: kuita zvematongerwo enyika, kuita zvechitendero uye chisimba chemagandanga chinonzi "jihadism".
ChiIslam
Iwo mweya miviri iri mukati meIslam - iyo inoshandura shanduko uye iyo inoshandura - ese ari maviri anovavarira kubumbiro renyika yeIslam ine maitiro akasiyana epasi. Zvisinei, echimurenga mweya anoparidza kuparadzwa mamiriro mamiriro kuitira kumanikidza yayo womuenzaniso.
MaIslamist vane simba rakasimba mumatunhu ehumwari, kunyangwe hazvo vachangotora hutungamiriri hwehumwe hurumende nenzira yesununguko, sezvakaitika muTurkey.
Izvi zvakave nemhedzisiro yekuti chiIslam nhasi chisingazonzwike nekutya neruzhinji rwepasi rose, zvekuti muna2011 Nobel Peace Prize yakapihwa Tawakkul Karman, murwi webato reIslam uye anochengetedza Al- Islah, mutungamiri yekuratidzira kwevakadzi vachipesana nehutongi hweYemeni.
Mapato eIslamist akapinda muhurumende dzezvematongerwo enyika dzenyika kunyanya kubva kumaXNUMX, ichibatanidza dzidziso yechiIslam nedemokrasi, ichikurudzirwa nemuenzaniso weMuslim Brotherhood, maShiites neSalafis.
Nyika dzeArabhu, zvisinei, hadzi tsigire kufamba uku; Saizvozvo, Saudi Arabia, semuenzaniso, inotsigira maSalafis, asi inopokana neQatar-inobhadharwa mari neMuslim Brotherhood. MuEgypt, muchokwadi, Saudi Arabia yakatsigira kuburitswa kweIslamist Mohamed Morsi.
Turkey yaErdoğan
Erdoğan's Turkey, kune rimwe divi, ndiyo yakarebesa muenzaniso (kubvira 2002) yekubudirira kweIslam mune zvematongerwo enyika, kunyangwe paine bumbiro rebumbiro rakafemerwa nehunyengeri, neBato reRuramisiro neBudiriro inonzi AKP.
Iyo AKP inotungamirwa naErdogan uye chirongwa chake hachifanoona shanduko, asi zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko. Kubva pakubata kwesimba akaunza pamberi tsika dzeTurkey uye kugadzirisa zvakare mutemo wezvekunze kune nyika dzeArab neMiddle East.
Kune vekuMadokero zvakakosha kusahadzika kuenderana pakati pekusikwa kwenyika yeIslam uye hunhu hweruzhinji uye rusununguko. Turkey nhasi inoita kunge inokwanisa kubatanidza michina nezvivakwa zvekudyidzana kwenyika uye yasimbisazve Dhairekitori reZvechitendero inowanzozivikanwa kuti "Diyanet" (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı).
Diyanet yakava simba musimba nekusimuka kwaRecep Tayyip Erdoğan semusoro wehurumende. Munguva iri pakati pa2006 na2015, bhajeti raDiyanet rakawedzerwa (zvakapetwa kane, madhora zviuru zviviri zvemadhora) pamwe nekudzokororwa kwevashandi vakashanda (zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu); mu2 yakavhura yayo terevhizheni chiteshi (Diyanet TV) inogamuchirwa munyika 150.
Kubva 2010, iyo Diyanet agency yakashandurwa kubva kune chishandiso chekudzora zvekunyika kuita nzira yekusimudzira pasirese yeTurkey Islam uye neo-Ottomanism. Iko shanduko yechokwadi yakazviratidza nekupararira kwemaIslamic mahedheni uye yekubereka uye epabonde nyaya.
Mushure mekukundikana coup ya2016
Kubva 2016, mushure mekundikana kubvuta masimba, Diyanet akarasikirwa chero rudzi rwekuzvimiririra kubva kuAKP uye neshanduko yesangano ikozvino iri kusimudzira kuburitsa uye kusimudzira kwepasirese kweTurkey uye nekudaro neOttoman-inotorwa neIslam.
Nhasi Diyanet inodzidzisa maimamu, yakavaka pamusoro pemamoski zana kutenderera pasirese, inotanga kurongedza mharidzo dzeChishanu, inopa Fatwā uye inopa hutano; iri kugara ichisangana neNational Intelligence (MIT - Millî istihbarat Teşkilatı) uye zvave zvakakosha kukwezva mavhoti esarudzo kuna Erdoğan uye nekudaro nyika yeIslam, sekusimbiswa nemavhoti maitiro eTurkey diasporas muEurope
Diyanet yapararira kunyanya muEurope uye ikozvino inomiririra poindi yekureva kune iyo nharaunda yese yeMuslim. MuBelgium inodzora mamoski makumi manomwe kubva pamazana matatu; muDenmark inobata 70; muFrance inodzora mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemamamu makumi mashanu; kuGerman akatanga DIBIT - iyo Turkish-Islamic Union - mari 300 mamositi kubva pazviuru zvitatu; muNetherlands inotarisira mamositi anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu kubva pavanhu mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nevashanu varipo; muBalkans akavhura mamoski kwese kwese (Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia neHerzegovina) kunze kweSlovenia neBulgaria, uko kwaakaedza kumanikidza kwechitendero muRoma ghettos.
Turkey neEurope
Turkey yeAtatürk, yepasirese neyekuEurope, yakanyangarika, uye Islamic Turkey yakatanga zvakare. Munzvimbo yaro nhasi tinowana hutongi hweIslam hunotungamirwa naErdoğan, sekureva kweOSCE, isina kuremekedza zvimisikidzo zvepasi rose pakuvhota paReferendum ya2017, iyo yakasunga vapikisi vezvematongerwo enyika uye haivimbise kodzero dzevanhu uye vanhuwo zvavo.
Paramende yeEuropean yakaramba ichikumbira Erdoğan's Turkey kuti idzorere democracy uye kodzero.
Naizvozvo, kusikwa kwenyika yeIslam hakuvimbisa nyika yedemokrasi. IEuropean Union nenhengo dzayo dzinofanirwa kuratidza zvakanaka pamusoro pekupararira kuri kuitika kwe "Islamic Turkey" kuburikidza neDiyanet muTurkey diasporas muEurope: kupararira uku (Diyanet-Sermoni-Chakavanzika Services) kunogona kudzikisira nhanho yedemokrasi uye rusununguko muWest pachayo. ..