(naFrancesco Matera) Iyo quagmire yeSahel, inzvimbo yepasirese uko mauto akajairwa akakundikana uye uko mauto emagandanga akabata vanhu veko, zvakangofanana nezvakaitika kuAfghanistan mushure memakore makumi maviri ehondo.
Italy iripo neboka remauto riri kushanda munzvimbo inouraya "yemiganhu mitatu" kutsigira mauto zviuru zvishanu zveFrance nemauto ehurumende dzenguva pfupi. Tichafanirwa kubatana nemauto akaita seaya ekuMaliya ayo UN anorondedzera anodana mhungu ine mhosva yekuponda pakati pehuwandu hwavanofanirwa kudzivirira.
Hurumende dzakabatana, Mali neBurkina Faso, hadzisi kuita zvakavanzika, pamwe nemasangano ejihadist anosanganisira "Tsigiro boka reIslam neMuslim"Gsim, yakabatana neAl Qaeda, uye" Islamic State yeSahara huru ". Kune nzvimbo dzeSahel uko kune de facto truces pakati peva jihadist nemauto emuno uye kuti varume nemotokari dzemapoka eIslam anotenderera zvakasununguka mumisha, matiraki nemaguta mukutsinhana nekumisa kurwiswa. Muchidimbu, isu tiripo kuti tibatsire maFrench mune quagmire kubva mairi zvisingaite kubuda kunze kwekuti vamwe vaItari vafa sedhiri. Zvichida zano reItaly nderekugara munzvimbo iyoyo kuyedza kubata kuyerera kwevanotamira kunyika yedu, iyo yava kunzi inharaunda yeTurkey-Russian. Kana kuti kuzvipira kunobva pane zvakakurukurwa zvakawanda Quirinale Treaty?
PaThe Economist pane humbowo hwakakosha hwegehena muAfrican Sahel strip.
Kunyanya kuchamhembe mamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa, hapana hurumende, hapana kuchengeteka. Misha yakachengeteka chete kana varindi verunyararo veUN varipo.
Nzvimbo yeGao, kwaimbove nemauto eBritish, chiratidzo: mamwe manheru muna Nyamavhuvhu, pakuvira kwezuva, ma jihadists vakapinda muguta reOuttagouna, anenge 170 km kubva kuGao, vachiuraya 54 vechidiki. Mauto eUN akanonoka kusvika, Major Hudson anoshuma. Iyo yakatetepa chengetedzo furemu inogona chete kuvimbiswa nemauto eUN ayo anoshandisa 15.000 helmets yebhuruu pasi.
France ine mauto anosvika zviuru zvishanu ari kurwa muMali, achitsigirwa nemauto anosvika chiuru eAmerica. Mamwe masoja emauto eEuropean, kune rumwe rutivi, anodzidzisa mauto eMaliya.
Zvakadaro, kunyangwe nemauto aya akaiswa, vapanduki vakapararira vasingaregi muMali neNiger neBurkina Faso.
Vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni vakamanikidzwa kubuda mudzimba dzavo uye vanopfuura zviuru gumi vakaurayiwa mumakore maviri apfuura. Muchidimbu, hurumende dzenharaunda nevatsigiri vavo vekuMadokero vari kurasikirwa nehondo zvishoma nezvishoma.
Munzvimbo zhinji dzeMali hamuna mapurisa, vatongi, vadzidzisi kana vanamukoti. Vanochengetedza runyararo veSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose munguva pfupi yapfuura vakatora gavhuna wedunhu kune mumwe musha uri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kune ane makore 61 okukura, yakanga iri nguva yokutanga muupenyu hwake kuona mumwe munhu anomirira dunhu guru.
Muna 2018, 75% yevashandi vehurumende (kusanganisira vadzidzisi nemanesi) vakashanda muguta guru. Hurumende yakapa zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana zvekushandisa kwayo kumari dzemihoro yavo, kunyange hazvo chikamu gumi nenhatu kubva muzana chevanhu vese vanogara muguta guru.
Zviremera, chaizvoizvo, zvakaronzesa hondo iri kunze kweguta guru kuFrance neUN, zvichibvisa mauto azvo murutivi rukuru rwenyika. Hazvina kuitika kuti munzvimbo dzisina hurumende, hutsotsi hwakapararira uye jihadists vakabata, vachivimbisa kutsigirwa uye kururamisira, kunyange kana nenzira ine utsinye.
Zvakare mu Burkina Faso e Naija jihadists inobudirira uko nyika isipo kana kuti yakadzingwa. Kubva 2018, vapanduki vakaponda vakuru vehurumende mazana matatu munzvimbo idzi. Vaongorori vepasirese vanofunga kuti chisimba hachidiwe kukunda majihadists, asi zvinodikanwa kuti uwane hutongi hwehurumende nekuvandudza hutongi nekusimudzira hupfumi.
Pfungwa yacho ndeyei chaizvo, asi ndeipi nyika yekubvumidza? Muna 2020, mushure mekunge hurumende yati yakunda musarudzo dzemutemo dzisingafungidzirwe, zviuru nezviuru zvevanhu zvakapinda mumigwagwa zvichiratidzira kubirirwa kwesarudzo uye zvichiti kuchengetedzwa kuri pachena. Colonel akakunda, nemumvuri wecoup d'état Assimi Goïta uyo, zvisinei nevimbiso dzekuita sarudzo itsva mukati memwedzi gumi nemisere, akazvisimbisa muhurumende yenyika.
Coup d'état narrative inoti zvinotora nguva yakareba "kuwanazve" nyika mushure memakore ehuwori nekusatonga zvakanaka. Vazhinji vekuMaliya vanozvitenda, sezvakaratidzwa neongororo yevagari veBamako munaGunyana apfuura: 75% vanovimba nehurumende iyi uye vanoda kumisikidza sarudzo.
The general Marc Conruyt, uyo achangobva kuraira mauto eFrance munharaunda iyi, anoti "kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye matambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika muBamako zvakave nemhedzisiro yakanyanya, shoma" pamabasa ehondo. Asi zvinogona kusagara. Hurumende yenzvimbo, kuti isimbise mvumo yayo, yagara ichipomera maFrench kudzidzisa ma jihadists. Mushure mekutumirwa kwechikamu chemauto eFrance, mamercenaries ekambani yakazvimirira yeRussia Wagner akabata.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune hurumende mukati mehurumende. Vazhinji jihadists vanhu chaivo vezvematongerwo enyika vane vanotevera vasina hanya. Iyad Ag Ghali, mutungamiri we ] ama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin, yakabatana ne al-Qaeda, aisagara ari jihadist, mambakwedza ekusimuka kwake aive mumwe wevatungamiriri vevapanduki veTuareg. Hazvisi zvetsaona kuti majihadist mazhinji kuchamhembe kweMali anoramba akabatana nemapoka ekuparadzanisa eTuareg.
Pakati peMali, uko mhirizhonga yanyanya kuipa kupfuura kuchamhembe, maJihadists vakashandisa mhirizhonga pakati penharaunda uye vakaita sevadziviriri vedzinza reFulani. Varwi vakaita saDan Na Ambassagou (“Vavhimi vanovimba naMwari”) vanoti, zvisinei, vari kudzivirira mamwe marudzi.
Simba rakafanana riri kubvarura magariro muBurkina Faso neNiger. Runyararo harudi zvikoro nezvipatara chete, asiwo mazano ekuti tingagovana sei simba pakati penharaunda dzemarudzi akawanda. Vazhinji vekuMaliya vanotenda kuti hurukuro nejihadists dzinogona kupa mamwe mazano. France, iyo yakarasikirwa nevarwi vanopfuura makumi mashanu muSahel kubvira 50, inopesana nepfungwa iyi. Nekudaro, kwave nekuwanda zvibvumirano zverunyararo muMali uye mazhinji muBurkina Faso zvakare. Mamwe ari pakati pemapoka emadzinza anopokana, asi mamwe anosanganisira jihadists. Nhaurirano dzepamusoro-soro dzezvematongerwo enyika pakati pehurumende yeMaliya nevatungamiriri vejihadist dzepamusoro dzinoda kusvetuka kukuru pakati penhaurirano. Vazhinji vanopokana kuti maFrench haafarire kuwirirana pakati pemapato kunyangwe kugadzikana kweSahel kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekugadzikana kweMali uye chero munhu anofanirwa kufarira kudzikamisa uye kukura kwemaitiro enyika dzisingamboende chero kupi zvako.