(naVincenzo Gaglione) Pana 9 Kubvumbi 1865, panguva yekutonga kwaVittorio Emanuele II, Central Meteorological Office yakavambwa paBazi reNavy. Nekuda kweizvi, kutanga kubva musi wa 1 Kubvumbi 1866, zviteshi zvekunze makumi maviri zvemumhenderekedzo yegungwa zvakatanga kutumira ongororo yemamiriro ekunze kuHofisi neteregirafu, izvo zvakagadzira chinongedzo nezvakacherechedzwa zvichibva kumahofisi epakati.
French neBritish, vachiiendesa kuGenoa, Livorno, Naples, Palermo, Messina neAncona, uko mitumbi yemuno yakapa fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze. Saka kusvika pakuitwa kweRoyal Decree no. 3534 ye26 Mbudzi 1876 iyo yakagadzira Royal Central Hofisi yeMeteorology, yakavakirwa paCollegio Romano muRome.
Mumufananidzo, kumaodzanyemba facade yeRoman College mune 800th century kudhindwa. Iyo Calandrelli Tower, inooneka zvakajeka kumberi, yakawedzerwa kukona yekumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwechivako kusvika kumagumo ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Central Meteorological Office yakapa sevhisi yekutarisa, ongororo yemamiriro ekunze, "omens" (kufanotaura nhasi), uye climatology munharaunda yese yenyika.
Zvinenge panguva imwe chete, kubva 1 Nyamavhuvhu 1880, iyo Navy Hydrographic Institute yakatanga kuita basa rinobatsira reMeteorological Service yekufamba mugungwa. Nekupararira kwendege pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi455, pesvedzero huru yemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze pazviitiko zvekubhururuka zvakabva zvajeka. Kudiwa kwekuve neruzivo rwakadzama rwemaumbirwo echadenga mumativi matatu-matatu arwo saka zvakanzwikwa nekusimbirira kukuru uye takatanga kutsvaga nzira dzeku "kuongorora" mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro. Nechinangwa ichi chakavambwa, neRoyal Decree n. 27 ye1913 Kukadzi 1911, Royal Italian Aerological Service, ine basa rekuunganidza dhata remuchadenga pakukwira kwezvinangwa zveaeronautical uye maritime; sevhisi iyi yaive kubuda kweItalian Thalassographic Committee. Pakutanga, muna Chivabvu XNUMX, kutungamira kwehunyanzvi kwakamiswa paVigna di Valle Aeronautical Observatory, yakazova "Royal Main Aerological Station".
Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna Chikumi 1909, asi pfungwa yekuisa chimiro pahurefu hwemamita 260 pamusoro pegungwa yaive yaMajor Maurizio Mario Moris, mukuru wePhotographic Brigade ye3rd Engineer Specialist Regiment, kutanga kwa1905. Murwi weRoyal Army akange anzwisisa basa rekubatsira kwemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwekufamba kwemhepo uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero akashanda kumisa Aeronautical Aerology Center nekukurumidza. Lake Bracciano yakanga yakanakira zviitiko zvake zvemhepo, saka muna 1907 Major Moris akafarira chirongwa chekuvaka Observatory yekutanga yekudzidza nezvemhepo, achipa kuna Lieutenant Attilio Cristofaro Ferrari, Chief Chief of the Aeronautical Engineers. Kucherechedzwa kwemuchadenga kunofanirwa kunge kwakatsigira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mabasa ekutanga endege akaitwa paExperimental Shipyard yeAirships pamahombekombe egungwa, nhasi "Luigi Bourlot" Airport uye ichiri kumusha kune Historical Museum ye Mauto emuchadenga.
Matanho ekutanga kumberi kwemamiriro ekunze akatorwa kubva musi wa 6 Mbudzi 1902, zuva rekutanga kuongorora mhepo yemhepo yemhepo uchishandisa mabharumu ane midziyo yekushandisa. Zuva renhoroondo umo marekodhi ekumanikidza, tembiricha, pamwe nekutarisa kwakawanda pamusoro pekuonekwa kweZuva uye nzvimbo yemakore zvakaitwa.
Makore masere gare gare, muna Chivabvu 1910, nekuda kwekusimbirira kwaMajor Moris, Observatory yakatanga basa rayo renguva dzose uye kubva pano kutanga kwenhoroondo yeMeteorological Service yeAir Force inogona kurondwa kumashure, zvirinani.
Zvichitevera kurongeka kwakaitika muna 1911 pakati pemapoka akasiyana-siyana aibata nezvemamiriro ekunze panguva iyoyo, muna 1912 iyo Vigna di Valle Military Observatory yainzi Royal Main Aerological Station, ichitamba chinzvimbo chepamusoro mumakore akatevera. Aerological Service, yakagadzwa zviri pamutemo sezvakataurwa neRoyal Decree no. 455 ye27 Kukadzi 1913. Pa 3 Chikunguru 1913, mutemo wakagadzirirwa kushanda kweOmens Chikamu, mukati meCentral Meteorological Office, iyo yaizoita senzvimbo yekubatanidza yekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze mune zvido zvekurima uye kufamba kwemhepo negungwa. . Saka zvakatanga nhoroondo yeNational Meteorological Service, ine zvido zve "kushanda" zvakangoenderana neizvo zvemauto emauto.
Kutangwa kwemabharuni ekutyaira anoshandiswa kuyera mamiriro ekunze - Mufananidzo Aeronautica Militare
Hondo Huru yaive nzvimbo yekuyedza yezvombo nemidziyo yehondo yemarudzi ese, chero vaivimbisa zvakanakira munhandare yehondo. Naizvozvo, zviitwa zvekutarisa kwemuchadenga nepasi uye kufanotaura zvakabatsira pakuona mamiriro akanakisa mumunda zvakatora kukosha kukuru. Chiitiko cheHondo Yenyika Yekutanga chakaita kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwemasevhisi ane basa rekutarisa mamiriro emamiriro ekunze kuti ashande pamwe chete.
Pa 28 Kurume 1923 iyo Regia Aeronautica yakavambwa sesimba rinozvitonga. Royal Decree no. saka yaive yakakosha. 3165 yemusi wa30 Zvita 1923 ine musoro unoti “Kuronga patsva kweMeteorology neGeophysics Services” kuburikidza ne: kumwe kucherechedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye geodynamic kunobviswa; Royal Central Hofisi yeMeteorology neGeodynamics inotora zita reRoyal Office yeMeteorology neGeophysics uye meteorological uye geodynamic observatories inotora zita reRoyal Geophysical Observatories; iyo organic mabasa eCentral Office, ye geodynamic uye makomo inocherechedzwa inonzi organic basa revashandi vakapihwa meteorology uye geophysics masevhisi.
Iyo Royal Meteorological Hofisi, ine Royal Decree no. 1431 ye2 Chikunguru 1925, ichiri kushanda, yakarongwa patsva pane yekudyidzana, seNational Meteorological Service "Omens Hofisi" pasi peCommissariat for Aeronautics.
The Royal Decree yakaendesa Hofisi yeOmens kuCommissariat yeAir Force (iyo bhajeti yairema kune yeBazi rezvekunze kuti ibvise kubva kuBazi reHondo, iro rakava gurukota rinozvimiririra pa30 Nyamavhuvhu). Hofisi iyi yakatora chikamu cheAerological Section yeHigher Directorate of Engineering and Aeronautical Construction uye yakange iine samutungamiriri Prof. Filippo Eredia, asiri muchiuto.
tare. Muna 1930 Meteorological Service yakabatanidzwa muBazi reHondo uye muna 1931 yakachinjirwa kuchivako chitsva chePalazzo Aeronautica. Vashandi vakanga vatoshanda vakanga vari vanhuwo zvavo, asi vashandi vachangopinzwa basa vakapinzwa kuburikidza nemakwikwi ebasa rechiuto. Mushure mekuchinja kwakasiyana, pakati pa1934 na1938, Sevhisi yakatora chirevo chekubatana mukati meRoyal Air Force uye yakaverengerwa muCentral Telecommunications Flight Assistance Office.
NeMutemo No. 900 ye19 Chivabvu 1939 kwakave nekuwanda kwemauto echikamu chose; semugumisiro, musi wa28 Nyamavhuvhu 1942 Central Telecommunications Flight Assistance Office yakava Telecommunications uye Flight Assistance Inspectorate, mukati umo chikamu chepakati cheMeteorological Service chaishanda. Chikamu chinotenderera chakaumbwa neRegional Meteorological Offices, Experimental Scientific Observatories of Aeronautical Meteorology, Airport Meteorological Offices, Meteorological Stations uye Meteorological Information Posts.
Muna 1950, nekubvumidzwa kweItaly kuve nhengo yeWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO), basa repakati reSevhisi rakava pamutemo8. Iyo WMO inokumbirwa kusimudzira:
- kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese kumisa network yezviteshi, kuitira kuita ongororo yemamiriro ekunze uye kufambisa shanduko yeruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze;
- kugadzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzekufanotaura nezvemamiriro ekunze nechinangwa chekufambisa, matambudziko emvura, kurima uye zvimwe zviitiko zvevanhu;
- kuenzanisa kwekuongorora kwemamiriro ekunze, kuita zvinoonekwa zvakafanana;
- tsvakiridzo mundima yemeteorological.
Muna 1978 nzvimbo dzekushanda dzehunyanzvi dzeSevhisi dzakaunganidzwa muNational Center for Aeronautical Meteorology and Climatology (CNMCA) yakavakirwa muRome uyezve muPratica di Mare, munhandare yendege yechipiri yemauto muEurope, mushure meRamstein kuGermany. National Center for Aeronautical Meteorology and Climatology inopa kuunganidzwa, kugadzirisa uye kuparadzira data remamiriro ekunze uye zvigadzirwa (kuongorora, kufanotaura, yambiro, nezvimwewo) munzvimbo yese yenyika.
Shanduko yakakosha kubva kuOmens Hofisi kuenda kuchikamu chemuviri cheMauto Akadzivirira akadzivirira kusikwa muItari, kusiyana nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, yehurumende mamiriro emamiriro ekunze uye Meteorological Service yeAir Force yakatora mabasa nemabasa ayo10. Iwo mabasa anoenderana nenharaunda yevagari akave akabatanidzwa uye anoramba ari, kunyanya muchikamu chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu mugungwa uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha, sekutsvaga, ruzivo, zvakatipoteredza, zvekufambisa, zvekurima uye. kushandiswa kwesimba.